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sion, and took up their position behind the Massaponax hills ready for the battle. It has never been charged that there was any straggling on the march to Gettysburg; and Lee could not have made his famous defensive campaign against Grant from the Wilderness to Cold Harbor with a straggling army. In singular corroboration of what I have been maintaining as the cause of the straggling in the Maryland campaign, and that it was exceptional, since writing this I have read in The Century for July (1886), in a paper entitled In the Wake of Battle. this account of the stragglers in Shepherdstown at this time (September 13th, 1862): They were stragglers at all events—professional, some of them, but some worn out by the incessant strain of that summer. When I say that they were hungry, I convey no impression of the gaunt starvation that looked from their cavernous eyes. All day they crowded to the doors of our houses with always the same drawling complaint: I've been a-marchina a
April 21st, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 12
her. S. Teakle Wallis. And when they tell us, as they do, those wiser, better brethren of ours—and tell to the world to make it history—that this our civilization is half barbarism, we may be pardoned if we answer: Behold its product and its representative! Of thorns men do not gather figs, nor of a bramble bush gather they grapes. Here is Robert Lee. Show us his fellow. Our great leader was not only a great soldier, but more—a selfless man and stainless gentleman. On the 21st April, 1861, the Richmond Howitzers were mustered into the service of the State, in obedience to an ordinance of the Convention adopted 17th April. The commissioned officers were: Captain, George W. Randolph; First Lieutenant, John C. Shields; Second Lieutenant, John Thompson Brown; Third Lieutenant, Thomas P. Mayo. History Richmond Howitzer Battalion, Pamphlet No. 4, page 33; extracts from an old Order Book, First company. The command increased so rapidly in numbers that it was soon sufficient t<
September 14th, 1886 AD (search for this): chapter 12
and Colonel E. B. Gray, the adjutant-general of that great body, came to inquire and report to their comrades if there existed a necessity for additional aid to us in our troubles. Soon after the fall of Charleston and the surrender at Appomattox a party came down from Washington to raise the Stars and Stripes from Fort Sumter—to declare and announce the restoration of the Union. The proclamation of the commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic from Charleston, on the 14th September, 1886, just twenty-one years after, calling on each post in every department at once to appoint a committee to collect such sums as their comrades and fellow citizens in cities, villages and on their farms might desire to contribute to help rebuild our city, the cradle of secession though it was, is, I trust, an announcement that the restoration of the Union is at last and indeed complete. Let us trust, my comrades, that this noble and patriotic action has a deeper significance than even
October 22nd (search for this): chapter 12
lley district. Under this order, the troops were for the first time formed into divisions. Its last clause indicated an important policy of the government in the organization of the Confederate armies--that is, the brigading of the regiments by States. This policy no doubt added greatly to esprit de corps of the brigades. It was distinctive of the organization of the Confederate army, and was not adopted in the Federal. In a subsequent order (No. 18), 15th November, 1861, that of the 22d October was modified, so as to extend this principle to divisions as well as brigades, but the extension of the principle was not carried out, except in the case of Pickett's division, which afterwards consisted of four Virginia brigades. Records War of Rebellion, Vol. 5, p. 960. When, after the able defence of the Peninsula by General Johnston, and the brilliant and extraordinary campaign of Jackson in the Valley, the armies composing the department of Northern Virginia had converged, in
y barracks—Baptist Seminary, Richmond—viz: Randolph's (of six pieces, called the Howitzer Battery); Cahill's (four pieces of light artillery) and Latham's four pieces of light artillery. Two pieces, he says, were added to Randolph's battery, he having two hundred and twenty-five drilled men in his company. Records War of Rebellion, Volume II, page 789. This was the organization of the famous Richmond Howitzers, which had been, as we have already mentioned, in barracks since the middle of March; who were to fire the first gun at the enemy in Virginia, that at the steamer Yankee from Gloucester Point on the 7th May, and whose fortune it was soon to be, with the First North Carolina regiment, engaged in the first battle of the war, excepting Fort Sumter—the battle of Big Bethel, June 10th. History of Howitzer Battalion, pamphlet No.1, page 14. By the 4th May, troops at the rate of from five hundred to one thousand a day were arriving from North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgi<
trength of the Confederate armies, and I had intended in this address to discuss the question, and have sought and obtained some considerable material for doing so, but failing to obtain some returns to perfect a table I have had in preparation, I have deferred to some other occasion its consideration. the total armed forces reach the enormous amount of nearly four millions drawn from a population of only thirty-two millions—figures before which the celebrated uprising of the French Nation in 1793, or the recent efforts of France and Germany in the war of 1870-1871 sink into insignificance. I have thought, my comrades, that instead of taking for the subject of our recollections on this occasion of our annual reunion, any of the great achievements in battle of the famous army in which it was our fortune to have served, and our well justified pride to have belonged, I would rather, quoting General Colley's estimate of the forces of the Southern army for my text, talk to you this eve
April 13th, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 12
aid to have organized them there. The volunteer companies of the Fourth brigade, South Carolina militia, that is the Charleston volunteer companies, on the 27th December, 1860, seized Castle Pinckney, Fort Moultrie, Morris Island, Fort Johnson and the arsenal in the city. They thus took the field without an hour's notice, and held these points until relieved by other troops raised by the State; and indeed were on duty with but little intermission until the fall of Fort Sumter on the 13th April, 1861. The first organization of troops for actual service and for a definite period, was made under a resolution of the Convention of South Carolina, which passed the ordinance of secession. The General Assembly of the State, which was in session at the same time, had, on the 17th December, 1860, passed an act providing for an armed military force to be organized into a division of two or more brigades; but as it was deemed necessary to raise a smaller body of troops at once, on the 31st
October 31st (search for this): chapter 12
statement universally would do great injustice to the numerous efeves of the Virginia Military Institute—the socalled West Point of the South—some of whom were to be found among the officers of every Virginia regiment, and not a few from other States, who estimated these matters as highly as any Prussian martinet, and who spent the late fall and winter of 1861 in industriously and successfully drilling officers and men in every nicety of the art-military.—[Letter in Charleston Sunday News, October 31, signed K.] No doubt it would have been unjust and untrue to have said that there were no regiments in the Confederate service trained and drilled in these things; but I think still that the observation is generally true, as I have made it—that is, that there were few regiments which were so drilled. Besides the graduates of the Virginia Military Institute there were also the graduates of the South Carolina Military Academy, who did for some South Carolina regiments what those of th
November 15th, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 12
kson to the command of the Valley district. Under this order, the troops were for the first time formed into divisions. Its last clause indicated an important policy of the government in the organization of the Confederate armies--that is, the brigading of the regiments by States. This policy no doubt added greatly to esprit de corps of the brigades. It was distinctive of the organization of the Confederate army, and was not adopted in the Federal. In a subsequent order (No. 18), 15th November, 1861, that of the 22d October was modified, so as to extend this principle to divisions as well as brigades, but the extension of the principle was not carried out, except in the case of Pickett's division, which afterwards consisted of four Virginia brigades. Records War of Rebellion, Vol. 5, p. 960. When, after the able defence of the Peninsula by General Johnston, and the brilliant and extraordinary campaign of Jackson in the Valley, the armies composing the department of Norther
November 16th, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 12
ised a battalion, and had them actually encamped and was providing their clothing, when, coming on to Richmond, I was informed the government would muster in only those for whom I could obtain arms, and as I could only obtain one hundred muskets—and those I almost stole—I had to disband the rest. The men I had in camp, and who were refused as volunteers, were afterwards conscripted. Still, many more men got to Virginia than could be armed. General Whiting telegraphs from Dumfries, November 16, 1861, to General Cooper: What are they sending me unarmed and new regiments for? Don't want them. They will only be in the way. Can't feed them nor use them. I want reinforcements, not recruits. Records War of Rebellion, Volume V, page 961. But it was one of the most remarkable features of the war that without foundries, and without men skilled in such work, and cut off as we were from the rest of the world by the blockade, without facilities of any kind, the South developed her r
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