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Thomas Smith (search for this): chapter 8
stered upon the basis of martial law. The code, written in blood, and printed and sent to Virginia by the treasurer, Sir Thomas Smith, on his own authority, and without the order or assent of the company, was chiefly a trans- Chap IV.} 161 lation fnt citadel, more than as citizens and freemen. The charter of the London company See the charter, sec. XXIV. Compare Smith, II. 10,11; Stith, 122, 123, and 293; Purchas, IV. 1767. had invested the governor with full authority, in cases of rebelct; and now the fields, the gardens, the public squares, and even the streets of Jamestown, were planted with tobacco; Smith, II. 33. and the colonists dispersed, unmindful of security in their eagerness for gain. Tobacco, as it gave animation tents and fruitless suits. Virginia, for twelve years after its settlement, had languished under the government of Sir Thomas Smith, treasurer of the Virginia company in England. The colony was ruled during that period by laws written in blood; an
Edward Maria Wingfield (search for this): chapter 8
for the establishment of a colony, Ebmund Howes' Continuation of Stowe, 1018—a prime authority on Virginia. See Stith, 229. and at last prevailed with Edward Maria Wingfield, a groveling merchant of the west of England, Robert Hunt, a clergyman of persevering fortitude and modest worth. and John Smith, the adventurer of rare emigrants themselves were weakened by divisions, and degraded by jealousy. So soon as the members of the council were duly constituted, they proceeded to choose Wingfield president; and then, as by their instructions they had power to do, they excluded Smith from their body, on a charge of sedition. But as his only offence consisSmith, i. 154. Percy, in Purchas, IV. 1690. Smith and Percy were both eye-witnesses. Disunion completed the scene of misery. It became necessary to depose Wingfield, the avaricious president, who was charged with engrossing the choicest stores, and who was on the point of abandoning the colony and escaping to the West Indies
Percy (search for this): chapter 8
disguised his fear, and would only say, They hurt you not; they take but a little waste land. Percy, in Purchas, IV. 1689. About the middle of June, Newport set sail for England. What conditiinfluence had alone thus far preserved some degree of harmony in the council. Smith, i. 154. Percy, in Purchas, IV. 1690. Smith and Percy were both eye-witnesses. Disunion completed the scenPercy were both eye-witnesses. Disunion completed the scene of misery. It became necessary to depose Wingfield, the avaricious president, who was charged with engrossing the choicest stores, and who was on the point of abandoning the colony and escaping to the surgical skill of Virginia could not relieve. Smith, i. 239. Delegating his authority to Percy, he embarked for England. Extreme suffering from his wounds and the ingratitude of his employer the climate; and, after a lingering sickness, he was compelled to leave the administration with Percy, and return to England. The New Life of Virginia, 1612, republished in II. Mass. Hist. Coil.
P. Force (search for this): chapter 8
ses were warm and Chap. IV.} 1610. secure, covered above with strong boards, and matted on the inside after the fashion of the Indian wigwams. Security and affluence were returning. But the health of Lord Delaware sunk under the cares of his situation and the diseases of the climate; and, after a lingering sickness, he was compelled to leave the administration with Percy, and return to England. The New Life of Virginia, 1612, republished in II. Mass. Hist. Coil. VIII. 199—223, and by P. Force, 1835. The Relation of Lord De la Warre, printed in 1611, is before me. The colony, at this time, consisted of about two hundred men; but the departure of the governor was a disastrous event, which produced not only despondency at Jamestown, but a damp of coldness in the hearts of the London company; and a great reaction in the popular mind in England. In the age when the theatre was the chief place of public amusement and resort, Virginia was introduced by the stage-poets as a theme of s
Hening (search for this): chapter 8
ly issuing an ample patent. The first colonial charter; See the charter, in Hazard, i. 51—58; Stith's Appendix, 1—8 Hening's Statutes of Virginia at large, i. 57—66. In referring to this collection, I cannot but add, that no other state in theny, for which the vain glory of the king found a grateful occupation in framing a code of laws; See the instrument, in Hening, l. 67—75. Compare, also, Stith's Virginia, 37—41; Burk's Virginia, i. 86—92. an exercise of royal legislation which Nond the name of the powerful Cecil, the inveterate enemy and successful rival of Raleigh, appears at the head of chose, Hening, i. 81—88. who were to carry into execution the vast design to which Raleigh, now a close prisoner in the tower, had firsnder the sanction of existing laws, the constitution of Virginia was radically May 23. changed. The new charter In Hening, Stith, and Hazard, II. transferred to the company the powers which had before been reserved to the king. The sup
Hist Coll (search for this): chapter 8
they should be left in Virginia as banished men. Smith's letter, in History, i. 200 201; also, Smith's advertisements of the unexperienced, in II. Mass. Hist. Coll. III. 10. Neither had experience taught the company to engage suitable persons for Virginia. When you send again, Smith was obliged to write, I entreat you ratherthe London company had not been realized. But the cause of failure appeared in the policy, which had grasped at sudden emoluments; Smith, in III. Mass. Hist. Coll. III. 10—12. the enthusiasm of the English seemed Chap. IV.} 1609. exalted by the train of misfortunes; and more vast and honorable plan Hakluyt's Dedication otendom, and put them all together, they may no way compare with this country, either for commodities or goodness of soil. New Life of Virginia, II. Mass. Hist. Coll. VIII. 207. Lord Delaware and Sir Thomas Gates earnestly confirmed what Dale had written, and, without any delay, Gates, who has the honor, to all posterity, of b
Leland (search for this): chapter 8
merica. The king of England, too timid to be active, yet too Chap. IV.} 1606. vain to be indifferent, favored the design of enlarging his dominions. He had attempted in Scotland the introduction of the arts of life among the Highlanders and the Western Isles, by the establishment of colonies; Robertson's Scotland, b. VIII. and the English plantations which he formed in the northern counties of Ireland, are said to have contributed to the affluence and the security of that island. Leland's History of Ireland, II. 204—213. Lord Bacon's speech as Chancellor to the Speaker, Works, III. 405. When, therefore, a company of men of business and men of rank, formed by the experience of Gosnold, the enthusiasm of Smith, the perseverance of Hakluyt, the hopes of profit and the extensive influence of Popham and Gorges, Gorges, c. v. and VI. applied to James I. for leave to deduce a colony into Virginia, the monarch promoted the April 10. noble work by readily issuing an ample patent
Robert Hunt (search for this): chapter 8
. Gorges' Brief Narration, c. II. The minds of many persons of intelligence, rank, and enterprise, were directed to Virginia. The brave and ingenious Gosnold, who had himself witnessed the fertility of the western soil, long solicited the concurrence of his friends for the establishment of a colony, Ebmund Howes' Continuation of Stowe, 1018—a prime authority on Virginia. See Stith, 229. and at last prevailed with Edward Maria Wingfield, a groveling merchant of the west of England, Robert Hunt, a clergyman of persevering fortitude and modest worth. and John Smith, the adventurer of rare genius and undying fame, to consent to risk their own lives and their hope of fortune in an expedition. Smith, i. 149, or Purchas, IV. 1705. Stith, 35. Compare Hillard's Life of Smith, in Sparks's American Biography, II. 177—407; also Belknap, i. 239, 252. For more Chap IV.} 1606 than a year, this little company revolved the project of a plantation. At the same time, Sir Ferdinand Gorge
Pocahontas (search for this): chapter 8
and the Confederacy were united to achieve the crowning victory of American independence. The passion of vanity rules in forests as well as in cities; the grim warriors, as they met in council, displayed their gayest apparel before the Englishman, whose doom they had assembled to pronounce. The fears of the feeble aborigines were about to prevail, and his immediate death, already repeatedly threatened and repeatedly delayed, would have been inevitable, but for the timely intercession of Pocahontas, the daughter of Powhatan, a girl of tenne or twelve years old, which not only for feature, countenance, and expression, much exceeded any of the rest of his people, but for wit and spirit, was the only nonpareil of the country. The gentle feelings of humanity are the same in every race, and in every period of life; they bloom, though unconsciously, even in the bosom of a child. Smith had easily won the confiding fondness of the Indian maiden; and now the impulse of mercy awakened within
Edwin Sandys (search for this): chapter 8
uous contest on the part of rival factions for the control of the company, the influence of Sir Edwin Sandys prevailed; Argall was displaced, and the mild and popular Yeardley was now appointed captai were in some degree confounded; but the record of the proceedings justifies the opinion of Sir Edwin Sandys, that the laws were very well and judiciously formed. The enactments of these earliest Aeir plantation. No intimidations, not Chap. IV.} 1619. even threats of blood, could deter Sir Edwin Sandys, the new treasurer, from investigating and reforming the abuses by which its progress had b of prosperity induced ninety agreeable persons, young and incorrupt, to listen to the advice of Sandys, and embark for the colony, where they were assured of a welcome. They were transported at the five hundred persons found their way to Virginia, which was a refuge even for Puritans. When Sandys, after a year's service, resigned his office as treasurer, a struggle ensued on the election of
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