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Southampton (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 9
vileges in consequence of a wrong done to the original patentees, and now suffered no greater injury than had been Chap V} 1622 Before inflicted on others for their benefit. Smith, II. 107. At the meeting for the choice of officers, in 1622, King James once more attempted to control the elections, by sending a message, nominating several candidates, out of whom they were to choose their treasurer. The advice of the king was disregarded, and a great majority reflected the earl of Southampton. Burk, i. 257. 1623 Unable to get the control of the company by overawing their assemblies, the monarch now resolved upon the sequestration of the patent; and raised no other question, than how the unjust design could most plausibly be accomplished, and the law of England be made the successful instrument of tyranny. The allegation of grievances, set forth by the court faction in a petition to the king, was fully refuted by the com- May 7. pany, and the whole ground of discontent wa
West Indies (search for this): chapter 9
d whose crimes may be left unrecorded, transported the natives of North America into slavery in Europe and the Spanish West Indies. The glory of Columbus himself did not escape the stain; enslaving five hundred native Americans, he sent them 1494.. . XX. and allowing only those who were said to have been instructed in the Christian faith, to be transported to the West Indies, under the plea that they might assist in converting the infidel nations. But the idle pretence was soon abandoned; fre to be revenged on the negroes; and the monopoly for eight years of annually importing four thousand slaves into the West Indies, was eagerly seized by La Bresa, a favorite of the Spanish monarch, and was sold to the Genoese, who purchased their cto be attended by a priest, whose benevolent duty it was, to prevent the kidnapping of the aborigines. T. Southey's West Indies, i. 126. The legislation of independent America has been emphatic Walsh's Appeal, 306—342. Belknap's Correspondenc
Accomack (Massachusetts, United States) (search for this): chapter 9
tribe Winthrop's N. E., i. 234. in Connecticut, the captives treacher- Chap V.} ously made by Waldron in New Hampshire, Belknap's Hist. of N. Hampshire, i. 75, Farmer's edition. the harmless fragments of the tribe of Annawon, Baylies' Plymouth, III. 190. the orphan offspring of King Philip himself, Davis, on Morton's Memorial, 454, 455. Baylies' Plymouth, III. 190, 191. were all doomed to the same hard destiny of perpetual bondage. The clans of Virginia and Carolina, Hening, iPlymouth, III. 190, 191. were all doomed to the same hard destiny of perpetual bondage. The clans of Virginia and Carolina, Hening, i. 481, 482. The act, forbidding the crime, proves, what is indeed undisputed, its previous existence. Lawson's Carolina. Charmers, 542. for more than a hundred years, were hardly safe against the kidnapper. The universal public mind was long and deeply vitiated. It was not Las Casas who first suggested the plan of transporting African slaves to Hispaniola; Spanish slaveholders, as they emigrated, were accompanied by their negroes. The emigration may at first have been contraband; but a r
Clarkson (New York, United States) (search for this): chapter 9
avery. policy, and religion, alike condemned the traffic. A series of papal bulls had indeed secured to Chap. V.} the Portuguese the exclusive commerce with Western Africa; but the slave-trade between Africa and America was, I believe, never expressly sanctioned by the see of Rome. The spirit of the Roman church was against it. Even Leo X., though his voluptuous life, making of his pontificate a continued carnival, might have deadened the sentiments of humanity and justice, declared, Clarkson's History of the Abolition of the Slave-Trade, i. 35, American edition. Clarkson, i. 33, 34, says that Charles V. lived to repent his permission of slavery, and to order emancipation. The first is probable; yet Herrera, d. II. l. II. c. XX., denounces not slavery, but the monopoly of the slave-trade. that not the Christian religion only, but nature herself, cries out against the state of slavery. And Paul III., in two separate briefs, See the brief, in Remesal, Hist. de Chiappa, l.
Africa (search for this): chapter 9
ed by a great emigration of the Moors to the coasts of Northern Africa, where each mercantile city became a nest of pirates, orsair Servitude was thus the doom of the Christian in Northern Africa: the hatred of the Moorish dominion extending to all Aracen and European luxuries for the gold and slaves of Central Africa. Even though whole caravans were sometimes buried in of the infidels, conducted their navy to the ports of Western Africa; and the first ships which sailed so far south as Capealuzia se frequentava navegacion à los costas de Africa, y Guinea, de donde se traian esclavos, de que ya abundava esta ciudwork of four Indians, the direct traffic in slaves between Guinea and Hispaniola was enjoined by a royal ordinance, Ibid. Chap. V.} the Portuguese the exclusive commerce with Western Africa; but the slave-trade between Africa and America was, Iipating in the traffic in African slaves. They sailed for Guinea to trade for negroes; Winthrop, II. 243, 244, 245. but
Rhode Island (Rhode Island, United States) (search for this): chapter 9
in the colony to buy negroes, and hold them as slaves forever, had enacted that no black mankind should, by covenant, bond, or otherwise, be held to perpetual service; the master, at the end of ten years, shall set them free, as the manner is with English servants; and that man that will not let his slave go free, or shall sell him away, to the end that he may be enslaved to others for a longer time, shall forfeit to the colony forty pounds. George Fox's Journal, An. 1671. The law of Rhode Island I copied from the records in Providence. Now, forty pounds Chap V.} was nearly twice the value of a negro slave. The law was not enforced; but the principle lived among the people. Conditional servitude, under indentures or covenants, had from the first existed in Virginia. The servant stood to his master in the relation of a debtor, bound to discharge the costs of emigration by the entire employment of his powers for the benefit of his creditor. Oppression early ensued: men who ha
Russia (Russia) (search for this): chapter 9
102. of Henry II., when a national synod of the Irish, to remove the pretext for an invasion, decreed the emancipation of all English slaves in the island. Wilkins's Concilia, i. 383, 471. compare Lyttleton's Henry II. III. O. Turner. Lingard, Anderson. The German nations made the shores of the Baltic the scenes of the same desolating traffic; and the Dnieper formed the highway on which Russian merchants conveyed to Constantinople the slaves that had been purchased in the markets of Russia. The wretched often submitted to bondage, as the bitter but only refuge from absolute want. But it was the long wars between German and Slavonic tribes which imparted to the slave-trade its greatest activity, and filled France and the neighboring states with such numbers of victims, that they gave the name of the Slavonic nation to servitude itself; and every country of Western Europe still preserves in its language the record of the barbarous traffic in Slaves. Hune's Darstellung, i. 1
New England (United States) (search for this): chapter 9
even the sternest morality pronounced the sentence of slavery and exile on the captives whom the field of battle had spared. The excellent Winthrop enumerates Indians among his bequests. Winthrop's N. E., II. 360. The articles of the early New England confederacy class persons among the spoils of war. A scanty remnant of the Pequod tribe Winthrop's N. E., i. 234. in Connecticut, the captives treacher- Chap V.} ously made by Waldron in New Hampshire, Belknap's Hist. of N. Hampshire,ds; while a negro was worth twenty or twenty-five pounds. Blome's Jamaica, 84 and 16. So usual was this manner of dealing in Englishmen, that not the Scots only, who were taken in the field of Dunbar, were sent into involuntary servitude in New England, Cromwell and Cotton, in Hutchinson's Coll. 233—235. but the royalist prisoners of the battle of Worcester; Suffolk County Records, i. 5 and 6. The names of two hundred and seventy are recorded. The lading of the John and Sarah was ir
Granada (Spain) (search for this): chapter 9
yed against each other; and bondage was the reciprocal doom of the captive. Bigotry inflamed revenge, and animated the spirit of merciless and exterminating warfare. France and Italy were filled with Saracen slaves; the number of them sold into Christian bondage exceeded the number of all the Christians ever sold by the pirates of Barbary. The clergy, who had pleaded successfully for the Christian, felt no sympathy for the unbeliever. The final victory of the Spaniards over the Moors of Granada—an event contemporary with the discovery of America—was signalized by a great emigration of the Moors to the coasts of Northern Africa, where each mercantile city became a nest of pirates, and every Christian the wonted booty of the successful corsair Servitude was thus the doom of the Christian in Northern Africa: the hatred of the Moorish dominion extending to all Africa, an indiscriminate and retaliating bigotry felt no remorse at dooming the sons of Africa to bondage. All Africans were
Europe (search for this): chapter 9
way on which Russian merchants conveyed to Constantinople the slaves that had been purchased in the markets of Russia. The wretched often submitted to bondage, as the bitter but only refuge from absolute want. But it was the long wars between German and Slavonic tribes which imparted to the slave-trade its greatest activity, and filled France and the neighboring states with such numbers of victims, that they gave the name of the Slavonic nation to servitude itself; and every country of Western Europe still preserves in its language the record of the barbarous traffic in Slaves. Hune's Darstellung, i. 102 and ff. Nor did France abstain from the slave-trade. At Lyons and Verdun, the Jews were able to purchase slaves for their Saracen customers. Fischer, in Hune, i. 115 In Sicily, and perhaps in Italy, the children of Asia and Africa, in their turn, were exposed for sale. The people of the wilderness and the desert are famed Chap V.} for love of their offspring; yet in
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