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George Germain (search for this): chapter 8
very little of this moderate assessment reached the national treasury, and there was no resource but in new emissions of notes and loan certificates. Private reports from American refugees, seeking the favor of the king of England, persuaded Germain that the cause of the United States would share the wreck of their finances: but he knew not how to conciliate provinces that were weary of war, nor to measure the tenacity of the passive resistance of a determined people; and systematically sou own interests, and raised for Lord Rawdon a large regiment in which officers and men were exclusively Irish. Among them were nearly five hundred deserters from the American army. Yet the British general lagged far behind the requirements of Germain, who counted upon ten thousand provincial levies, and wished that the war should be carried on in a manner better calculated to make the people feel their distresses. The king believed in the hourly declension of the rebellion, and that the col
Henry Clinton (search for this): chapter 8
of the minister and fired his vengeful passions by their own. In New York there sprung up a double set of counsellors. Clinton repressed the confidence of the secretary of state by faithful reports of the inadequacy of his forces: on the other hanous recruits from immigrants. In Philadelphia Howe had formed a regiment of Roman Catholics. With still better success Clinton courted the Irish. They had fled from the prosecutions of inexorable landlords to a country which offered them freeholds. By flattering their nationality and their sense of the importance attached to their numbers, Clinton allured them to a combination directly averse to their own interests, and raised for Lord Rawdon a large regiment in which officers and men wered in the hourly declension of the rebellion, and that the colonies must soon sue to the mother country for pardon. But Clinton well understood Chap. VII.} 1778. the power of the insurgents and the insufficiency of his own resources; and, obeying
Samuel Adams (search for this): chapter 8
1778. were those in congress who would not place their country under protection; but the word was retained by eight states against Rhode Island and Maryland. Samuel Adams and Lovell, of Massachusetts, voted for it, but were balanced by Gerry and Holten; Sherman, of Connecticut, opposed it, but his vote was neutralized by that ofndred and six millions of dollars, and had fallen in value to twenty for one in silver; yet congress maintained the certainty of their redemption, and resolved—Samuel Adams and six others dissenting—that any contrary report was false, and derogatory to its honor. To make good the promise, the states were invited to withdraw six mthe banks of her navigable waters. In all New England, seedtime and harvest did not fail; and the unmolested ports of Massachusetts grew opulent by commerce. Samuel Adams, uttering the popular sentiment, wrote from Philadelphia: I hope we shall secure to the United States Canada, Nova Scotia, Florida too, and the fishery, by our
Virginie (search for this): chapter 8
its pledge of the faith of each separate state, supported the war in its earliest 1775. period. Their decline was hastened by the disasters that befell the American armies. Their value was further impaired by the ignoble stratagem of the 1776. British ministers, under whose authority Lord Dunmore and others introduced into the circulation of Virginia and other states a large number of bills, counterfeited for the purpose in England. Le Lord Dunmore a trouve moyen d'introduire dans la Virginie un grand nombre de billets, que le gouvernement a fait imprimer, sur ceux que le congress a fait distribuer. Comme ce stratageme doit mettre beaucoup de confusion dans les arrangements de finance des colonies, il se flatte qu'il occasionnera une mefiance du peuple, qui, ne pouvant discerner les vrais billets de faux, refusera de les recevoir, et le congres manquant une fois de credit public, trouverait beaucoup de difficulties à le retablir. Maltzan au roi, 2 Avril, 1776. In Octo- Chap.
Holten (search for this): chapter 8
nsiderable loans or subsidies in Europe as could be expected only from an ally; and, before the end of October, they instructed Franklin to assure his most Christian majesty, they hoped protection from his power and magnanimity. There Chap. VII.} 1778. were those in congress who would not place their country under protection; but the word was retained by eight states against Rhode Island and Maryland. Samuel Adams and Lovell, of Massachusetts, voted for it, but were balanced by Gerry and Holten; Sherman, of Connecticut, opposed it, but his vote was neutralized by that of Ellsworth. The people of the United States, in proportion to their numbers, were more opulent than the people of France; but they had no means of organizing their resources. The Oct. pride that would not consent to an efficient union, was willing to ask protection from Louis the Sixteenth. The country was also looking to the United Provinces for aid; and in December Laurens retired from Dec. the office of pr
Virginia Washington (search for this): chapter 8
. Francis, to enter Montreal; a fifth, to guard the approaches from Quebec: while to France was assigned the office of reducing Quebec and Halifax. Lafayette would willingly have used his influence at Versailles in favor of the enterprise: but Washington showed how far the part reserved for the United States went beyond their Chap. VII.} 1778. resources; and, in deference to his advice, the speculative scheme was laid aside. The spirit of independence none the less grew in strength. Almos States completely failed; and each state maintained its separate line. There were thirteen distinct sovereignties and thirteen armies, with scarcely a symbol of national unity except in the highest offices. From the height of his position, Washington was the first keenly to feel and clearly to declare, that efficient power must be infused into the general gov- Chap. VII.} 1778. ernment. To the speaker of the house of delegates of Virginia he wrote in December, 1778: If the great whole is
Ellsworth (search for this): chapter 8
fore the end of October, they instructed Franklin to assure his most Christian majesty, they hoped protection from his power and magnanimity. There Chap. VII.} 1778. were those in congress who would not place their country under protection; but the word was retained by eight states against Rhode Island and Maryland. Samuel Adams and Lovell, of Massachusetts, voted for it, but were balanced by Gerry and Holten; Sherman, of Connecticut, opposed it, but his vote was neutralized by that of Ellsworth. The people of the United States, in proportion to their numbers, were more opulent than the people of France; but they had no means of organizing their resources. The Oct. pride that would not consent to an efficient union, was willing to ask protection from Louis the Sixteenth. The country was also looking to the United Provinces for aid; and in December Laurens retired from Dec. the office of president of congress, in the expectation of being appointed to negotiate a loan in the
1775 AD (search for this): chapter 8
, in the event of the junction of America with France, to evacuate New York and Rhode Island; George III. to Lord North, 17 March, 1778. Letter 467. but the depreciation of the currency, consequent on the helplessness of a people that had no government, revived the hope of subjugating them. The United States closed the campaign of 1778 before autumn, for want of money. Paper bills, emitted by congress on its pledge of the faith of each separate state, supported the war in its earliest 1775. period. Their decline was hastened by the disasters that befell the American armies. Their value was further impaired by the ignoble stratagem of the 1776. British ministers, under whose authority Lord Dunmore and others introduced into the circulation of Virginia and other states a large number of bills, counterfeited for the purpose in England. Le Lord Dunmore a trouve moyen d'introduire dans la Virginie un grand nombre de billets, que le gouvernement a fait imprimer, sur ceux que le
1776 AD (search for this): chapter 8
tened by the disasters that befell the American armies. Their value was further impaired by the ignoble stratagem of the 1776. British ministers, under whose authority Lord Dunmore and others introduced into the circulation of Virginia and other ste congres manquant une fois de credit public, trouverait beaucoup de difficulties à le retablir. Maltzan au roi, 2 Avril, 1776. In Octo- Chap. VII.} 1776. ber, 1776, congress, which possessed no independent resources and no powers on which credit c1776. ber, 1776, congress, which possessed no independent resources and no powers on which credit could be founded, opened loan offices in the several states, and authorized a lottery. In December it issued five million dollars more in continental bills. In January, 1777, when they had sunk to one-half of their pre- 1777. tended value, it denou1776, congress, which possessed no independent resources and no powers on which credit could be founded, opened loan offices in the several states, and authorized a lottery. In December it issued five million dollars more in continental bills. In January, 1777, when they had sunk to one-half of their pre- 1777. tended value, it denounced every person who would not receive them at par as a public enemy, liable to forfeit whatever he offered for sale; and it requested the state legislatures to declare them a lawful tender. This Massachusetts had enacted a month before; and the ex
1777 AD (search for this): chapter 8
, and authorized a lottery. In December it issued five million dollars more in continental bills. In January, 1777, when they had sunk to one-half of their pre- 1777. tended value, it denounced every person who would not receive them at par as a public enemy, liable to forfeit whatever he offered for sale; and it requested the each one of the thirteen states continued to compete for circulation with those of the continent. While nature executed its unbending law, congress Chap. VII.} 1777. sought to hide the decline of its credit by clamor against the rise of prices, which, in February, 1777, it proposed to remedy by conventions of the northern, of instalments; the first payment to be made on the coming New-Year's day, and the whole to bear six per cent interest until the final adjustment of ac- Chap. VII.} 1777. counts, after the confederation should have been ratified. Of thousands of dollars, Massachusetts was rated at eight hundred and twenty; Virginia at eight hundre
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