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April 23rd (search for this): chapter 8
r 5: return to Strasburg (continued)—Banks's flight to Winchester—Battle of Winchester. Turning now to Jackson's operations in the valley during the few days that intervened before he again confronted us at Front Royal, Strasburg, and Winchester, we shall find that this indefatigable captain, while resting for a few days in Elk Run Valley at the foot of Swift Run Gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains, meditated an attack upon us at New Market or at Harrisonburg. See Jackson's letter to Lee, April 23, given in substance in Campaign in the Valley of Virginia in 1861-1862. By William Allan, Lieutenant-Colonel, etc., A. N. V. Jackson's army at this time numbered six thousand. But this was not enough for his purposes; he wanted an addition of Ewell's division and five thousand men from the force covering Fredericksburg. On the twenty-eighth of April he applied to Lee for a command sufficiently large to enable him to march out and attack Banks. On the 29th Lee replied that the Federal fo
April 30th (search for this): chapter 8
mpaign in the Valley of Virginia, pp. 68, 69, with citations. Of these forces, Fremont's were widely separated; Banks's were concentrated. So for this reason and for those already given, Jackson determined to attack Milroy: and he would begin his movement so secretly that his enemies should be misled. On the twenty-ninth of April, Ashby made demonstrations in force towards Harrisonburg. They were repeated on the 30th. Banks appeared to be quietly at rest. In the afternoon of the thirtieth of April Jackson left his camp: it was soon occupied by Ewell. Straight onward to Port Republic, on the eastern side of the Shenandoah River, Jackson directed his march. The day was rainy,--indeed for the past ten days heavy rains had fallen. Do their best, the troops made but five miles; on the next they made but five; the next, the second of May, the struggle with the mud continued. By nightfall Jackson had passed Lewiston to a bivouac between that point and Brown's Gap. On the 3d, by th
April 29th (search for this): chapter 8
Fremont, who was preparing to join them with a force which would give him a movable column of 15,000 men,--completes the summing up in numbers and location. See Allan's Campaign in the Valley of Virginia, pp. 68, 69, with citations. Of these forces, Fremont's were widely separated; Banks's were concentrated. So for this reason and for those already given, Jackson determined to attack Milroy: and he would begin his movement so secretly that his enemies should be misled. On the twenty-ninth of April, Ashby made demonstrations in force towards Harrisonburg. They were repeated on the 30th. Banks appeared to be quietly at rest. In the afternoon of the thirtieth of April Jackson left his camp: it was soon occupied by Ewell. Straight onward to Port Republic, on the eastern side of the Shenandoah River, Jackson directed his march. The day was rainy,--indeed for the past ten days heavy rains had fallen. Do their best, the troops made but five miles; on the next they made but five
April 29th, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 8
wn. Such results were to be avoided; and in Jackson's mind the best way to avoid them was to strengthen his own division by uniting with Johnson's, and then with both to fall upon Milroy; after which he would, with the addition of Ewell's division, attack Banks. Conforming to this plan, Ewell was ordered to march his division to the position which Jackson occupied in Elk Run Valley, and thus hold Banks in check. See Jackson's official report, containing a letter to General Lee, dated April 29, 1862. All the Rebel forces then located in the valley, within this theatre of operations, are given by a Confederate historian as 17,000 under Jackson (of which 6,000 were at Swift Run Gap), 8,000 under Ewell (one day's march in his rear east of the Blue Ridge), and 3,000 with Edward Johnson at West View, seven miles west of Staunton, and over forty from Swift Run Gap. Banks, at Harrisonburg, with 19,000 Federals, made up of 8,000 men (including cavalry) in Banks's corps, and 11,000 in
April 28th (search for this): chapter 8
he foot of Swift Run Gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains, meditated an attack upon us at New Market or at Harrisonburg. See Jackson's letter to Lee, April 23, given in substance in Campaign in the Valley of Virginia in 1861-1862. By William Allan, Lieutenant-Colonel, etc., A. N. V. Jackson's army at this time numbered six thousand. But this was not enough for his purposes; he wanted an addition of Ewell's division and five thousand men from the force covering Fredericksburg. On the twenty-eighth of April he applied to Lee for a command sufficiently large to enable him to march out and attack Banks. On the 29th Lee replied that the Federal force at Fredericksburg was too large to admit of any diminution of his own, but suggested that he could have General Edward Johnson's command, whose last return showed 3,500 men (and who was then near where the Staunton and Parkersburg turnpike crosses the Shenandoah Mountain), and Ewell, who was in the vicinity of Stanardsville with eight thousan
May 31st (search for this): chapter 8
eleven. Colonel Donelly in front, Colonel Gordon in the centre, and General Hatch in the rear. See Banks's official report, Moore's Rebellion Record, vol. IX. When I besought Banks, at 11 P. M. of the 23d, to start then for Winchester, he replied that he would not retreat, repeating with an oath his fear of public opinion. At 3 A. M. of the 24th (he says in his official report) he was convinced that Winchester was for us the key of the valley, the position of safety. On the thirty-first of May, when Banks made that report, he wrote with a full knowledge and a lively experience of all that had transpired; he wrote as he would have acted, had he known on that night of the 23d what he knew when he wrote on the day of the 31st of May, 1862: but he did not write the truth, as I will now proceed to demonstrate. It is not to be denied that after I left Banks on the night of the 23d he did determine to send some of his sick to Winchester, and it is true that they did start some ti
May 10th (search for this): chapter 8
; wounded, 390. The Federal loss was,--killed, 28 ; wounded, 225; and 3 missing. Campaign in the Valley of Virginia, by William Allan, pp. 77, 78. When the Federals had safely withdrawn from the battle-field, General Schenck lighted his camp-fires and fell back in the direction of Franklin. This was done without loss either of men or material, except of some stores for which Milroy had no transportation. On the ninth of May Jackson moved into MacDowell and fed his troops. On the tenth of May Jackson moved forward in pursuit. Coming to roads that led to Harrisonburg, it was feared Banks might send reinforcements to Schenck. The narrow defiles of the roads were therefore blocked up by felled trees. On the 11th the pursuit was continued. Schenck set fire to the forests. The sky was overcast with volumes of smoke, which shut out the view. Jackson moved slowly: his skirmishers scoured the burning woods on each side of the highway. The Federals posted cannon on every height,
20th (search for this): chapter 8
vements before Richmond should draw off the enemy; an army only too anxious to meet us, It was now hoped by all that Banks would leave the road, push on through Harrisonburg, and attack us. Battle-fields of the South, p. 324. even before the War Department so suddenly scattered the council at Harrisonburg on that Sunday on the fourth of May. O happy War Department! On the morning of the nineteenth of May Jackson left Mossy Creek, and moved forward to New Market, which he reached on the 20th, having been joined en route by Taylor's brigade of Ewell's division. On the twenty-first of May he turned off at New Market, crossed the Massanutten Mountain, and the South Fork of the Shenandoah at White House Bridge, where he met Ewell with the remainder of his command, and encamped at the eastern entrance of the New Market Gap of the Massanutten. Of this movement Banks was ignorant; for when we abandoned New Market Ashby occupied it, and posted scouts as far as Strasburg,--so that t
May 12th (search for this): chapter 8
Schenck was not only very strongly posted, but that he was within reach of Fremont's main body, and that he might have to fight a superior force without the aid of Ewell's division, which was still at Elk Run watching Banks; and that an emergency at Fredericksburg or Richmond might cause the loss of Ewell, and interfere with his cherished plan of demolishing Banks. So he decided to unite his forces. A courier was sent at once to Ewell with this announcement, and one half of Monday the twelfth of May granted to the soldiers in lieu of the whole of Sunday, which had been devoted to secular concerns. On the evening of the fourteenth of May Jackson reached MacDowell again, and on the 17th, turning towards Harrisonburg, encamped at Mossy Creek and Bridgewater. For many facts in this narration of Jackson's movements. on MacDowell, I am indebted to the very clear account given by Colonel William Allan in his Campaign in the Valley of Virginia in 1861-1862. In utter ignorance, as I
May 31st, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 8
replied that he would not retreat, repeating with an oath his fear of public opinion. At 3 A. M. of the 24th (he says in his official report) he was convinced that Winchester was for us the key of the valley, the position of safety. On the thirty-first of May, when Banks made that report, he wrote with a full knowledge and a lively experience of all that had transpired; he wrote as he would have acted, had he known on that night of the 23d what he knew when he wrote on the day of the 31st of May, 1862: but he did not write the truth, as I will now proceed to demonstrate. It is not to be denied that after I left Banks on the night of the 23d he did determine to send some of his sick to Winchester, and it is true that they did start some time after three o'clock on the morning of the 24th; but that is all that was done to save our supplies or to meet the enemy. Instead of our wagon train having been ordered to Winchester at 3 A. M. of the 24th, it was not sent until nearly eleven o'
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