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Louisburg (North Carolina, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
es, Chap XXII.} the rivulets, the granite ledges, of Cape Breton,—of which the irregular outline is guarded by reefs of rocks, and notched and almost rent asunder by the constant action of the sea,—were immediately occu- Pichon, 3 pied as a province of France; and, in 1714, fugitives from Newfoundland and Acadia built their huts along its coasts wherever safe inlets invited fishermen to spread their flakes, and the soil, to plant fields and gardens. In a few years, the fortifications of Louisburg 1720. began to rise—the key to the St. Lawrence, the bulwark of the French fisheries, and of French commerce in North America. From Cape Breton, the dominion of Louis XIV. extended up the St. Lawrence to Lake Superior, and from that lake, through the whole course of the Mississippi, to the Gulf of Mexico and the Bay of Mobile. Just beyond that bay began the posts of the Spaniards, which continued round the shores of Florida to the fortress of St. Augustine. The English colonies skirte<
Hungary (Hungary) (search for this): chapter 4
ished as his equal, has already been dimly noised about in the huts of the Comanches; the idea of the Great Spirit, who is the master of life, has reached the remote prairies. How slowly did the condition of the common people of Europe make advances! For how many centuries did the knowledge of letters remain unknown to the peasant of Germany or France! How languidly did civilization pervade the valleys of the Pyrenees! How far is intellectual culture from having reached the peasantry of Hungary! Within the century and a half during which the Cherokees have been acquainted with Europeans, they have learned the use of the plough and the axe, of herds and flocks, of the printing-press and water-mills; they have gained a mastery over the fields, and have taught the streams to run for their benefit. And finally, in proof of progress, that nation, like the Choctas, the Creeks, the Chippewas, the Winnebagoes, and other tribes, has increased, not in intelligence only, but in numbers.
Cahokia (Illinois, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
d took possession of the whole north of the peninsula as of a derelict country; yet the Miamis occupied its southern moiety, and their principal mission was founded by Allouez on the banks of the St. Joseph, within the present state of Michigan. The Illinois were kindred to the Miamis, and their country lay between the Wabash, the Ohio, and the Mississippi. Marquette found a village of them on the Des Moines, but its occupants soon withdrew to the east of the Mississippi; and Kaskaskia, Cahokia, Peoria, still preserve the names of the principal bands, of which the original strength has been greatly exaggerated. The vague tales of a considerable population vanished before the accurate observation of the missionaries, who found in the wide wilderness of Illinois Marest Compare Hennepin, Tonti Joutel scarcely three or four villages. On the discovery of America, the number of the scattered tenants of the territory which now forms the states of Ohio and Michigan, of Indiana, and Ill
Savannah (Georgia, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
ion. Kentucky, after the expulsion of the Shawnees, remained the wide park of the Cherokees. The banished tribe easily fled up the valley of the Cumberland River, to find a vacant wilderness in the highlands of Carolina; and a part of them for years roved to and fro in wildernesses west of the Cherokees. On early maps, the low country from the Chap. XXII.} Mobile to Florida is marked as vacant. The oldest reports from Georgia exult in the entire absence of Indians from the vicinity of Savannah, and will not admit that there were more than a few within four hundred miles. There are hearsay and vague accounts of Indian war parties composed of many hundreds: those who wrote from knowledge furnish the means of comparison and correction. The whole population of the Five Nations could not have varied much from ten thousand; and their warriors strolled as conquerors from Hudson's Bay to Carolina,—from the Kennebec to the Tennessee. Very great uncertainty must, indeed, attend any estim
Muscle Shoals (Alabama, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
Adair. Ramsay the oldest enumeration was made in 1743, and gives but four hundred. It may therefore be inferred, that, on the first appearance of Europeans, their language was in the keeping of not more than three thousand souls. History knows them chiefly as the hereditary foes of the Iroquois tribes, before whose prowess and numbers they dwindled away. V. The mountaineers of aboriginal America were the Cherokees, who occupied the upper valley of the Tennessee River, as far west as Muscle Shoals, and the highlands of Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama— the most picturesque and most salubrious region east of the Mississippi. Their homes were encircled by blue hills rising beyond hills, of which the lofty peaks would kindle with the early light, and the overshadowing ridges envelop the valleys like a mass of clouds There the rocky cliffs, rising in naked grandeur, defy the lightning, and mock the loudest peals of the thunder-storm; there the gentler slopes are covered with magnolias
Asia (search for this): chapter 4
nd the signs on the zodiac for the month in Thibet. The American nation had no zodiac, and could not, therefore, for the names of its days, have borrowed from Central Asia the symbols that marked the path of the sun through the year. Nor had the Mexicans either weeks or lunar months; but, after the manner of barbarous nations, tut is common to the American and the Asiatic; and there is to each very nearly the same ob-!iquity of the face. Between the Mongolian of Southern Asia and of Northern Asia there is a greater differ Chap. XXII.} ence than between the Mongolian Tatar and the North American. The Iroquois is more unlike the Peruvian than he is unliOby, he saw but one race. He that describes the Tungusians of Asia seems also Mithridates, III. 343. to describe the North American. That the Tschukchi North-Eastern Asia and the Esquimaux of America are of the same origin, is proved by the affinity of their languages,—thus establishing a connection between the continents pre
Salem (North Carolina, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
where they first became known 1646. to European voyagers, and placed themselves under the shelter of the French in Canada. The example of emigration was often followed; the savage shunned the vicinity of the civilized: among the tribes of Texas, there are warriors who are said to trace their lin- Duponceau. eage to Algonquins on the Atlantic; and descendants from the New England Indians now roam over western prairies. The forests beyond the Saco, with New Hampshire, and even as far as Salem, constituted the sachemship of Pennacook, or Pawtucket, and often afforded a refuge to the remnants of feebler nations around them. The tribe of the Massachusetts, even before the colonization of the country, had almost disappeared from the shores of the bay that bears its name; and the villages of the interior resembled insulated and nearly independent bands, that had lost themselves in the wilderness. Of the Pokanokets, who dwelt round Mount Hope, and were sovereigns over Nantucket, Ma
Illinois (Illinois, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
nished before the accurate observation of the missionaries, who found in the wide wilderness of Illinois Marest Compare Hennepin, Tonti Joutel scarcely three or four villages. On the discovery of Amtered tenants of the territory which now forms the states of Ohio and Michigan, of Indiana, and Illinois, and Kentucky, could hardly have exceeded eighteen thousand. In the early part of the eighthat the Kickapoos, who established themselves, by con- Morse, App. 222. quest, in the north of Illinois, are but a branch of it is demonstrated by their speech. So numerous and so widely extended on the head waters of the Ohio; they had triumphantly invaded the tribes of the west as far as Illinois; their warriors had reached the soil of Kentucky and Western Virginia; and England, to whose al Wisconsin to the Des Moines, Marquette saw neither the countenance nor the footstep of man. In Illinois, so friendly to the habits of Le Clereq, Etablissement de la Foi dans la Nouvelle France, II.
New Hampshire (New Hampshire, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
uponceau. eage to Algonquins on the Atlantic; and descendants from the New England Indians now roam over western prairies. The forests beyond the Saco, with New Hampshire, and even as far as Salem, constituted the sachemship of Pennacook, or Pawtucket, and often afforded a refuge to the remnants of feebler nations around them. being, a territory would appear densely peopled where, in every few days, a wigwam could be encountered. Vermont, and North-western Massachusetts, and much of New Hampshire, were solitudes; Ohio, a part of Indiana, the largest part of Michigan, remained open to Indian emigration long after America began to be colonized by Europeane Indian communities, that are enclosed within the European settlements in Canada, in Massachusetts, in Carolina, is hardly cheering to the philanthropist. In New Hampshire, and elsewhere, schools for Indian children were established; but, as they became fledged, they all escaped, refusing to be caged. Harvard CollegeChap. XXII.
Mexico (Mexico, Mexico) (search for this): chapter 4
nded even to the Wabash, Chap. XXII.} that they are emigrants from Mexico; that they are the kindred of the incas of Peru. The close observas, who are described as having Clavigero, Storia di Mexico entered Mexico from the north. But comparative anatomy, as it has questioned the the Tennessee, and again, as the authors of Aglio's Antiquities of Mexico, vol. VI. culture, on the plains of the Cordilleras. We cannot teported. It is a greater marvel, that the indigenous inhabitants of Mexico had a nearly exact knowledge of the length of the year, and, at the that, in the ninth century of our era, there was commerce between Mexico and Bagdad. Chap XXII} The agreement favors clearly the belief that Mexico did not learn of Asia; for, at so late a period, intercourse between the continents would have left its indisputable traces. No infesas to the pole. In like man ner, they abounded on the plateau of Mexico, the nat- Chap. XXII.} ural highway of wanderers. On the western
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