hide Sorting

You can sort these results in two ways:

By entity
Chronological order for dates, alphabetical order for places and people.
By position (current method)
As the entities appear in the document.

You are currently sorting in ascending order. Sort in descending order.

hide Most Frequent Entities

The entities that appear most frequently in this document are shown below.

Entity Max. Freq Min. Freq
Europe 998 0 Browse Search
United States (United States) 994 0 Browse Search
England (United Kingdom) 766 0 Browse Search
France (France) 692 0 Browse Search
China (China) 602 0 Browse Search
London (United Kingdom) 494 0 Browse Search
Early English 488 0 Browse Search
Department de Ville de Paris (France) 458 0 Browse Search
James Watt 343 1 Browse Search
Herodotus 256 0 Browse Search
View all entities in this document...

Browsing named entities in a specific section of Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight). Search the whole document.

Found 5,109 total hits in 1,793 results.

... 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180
1390 AD (search for this): chapter 16
nth century had the waterlines and water-mark. One specimen had a tower. The earliest manuscript on linen paper known to be English bears date fourteenth year of Edward III., 1320. The first water-mark, a ram's head, is found in a book of accounts belonging to an official of Bordeaux, which was then subject to England, dated 1330. It has been claimed that linen paper was made in England as early as 1330, though it is supposed that no linen paper was made in Italy previous to 1367. In 1390, Ulman Strother established a paper-mill at Nuremberg in Bavaria, operated by two rollers, which set in motion eighteen stampers. This indicates the process of pulping the fiber by beating, which continued in use for nearly four centuries. This was the first paper-mill known to have been established in Germany, and is said to have been the first in Europe for manufacturing paper from linen rags. In 1498, an entry appears among the privy expenses of Henry VII. for a reward given to the pa
June 25th, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 16
aphic stone would be damped for printing, and rolled up with transfer-ink. The parts affected by light took the ink, in quantity more or less perfectly in proportion to the actinic action. The sheet was then dried and transferred, whereby a delineation on stone was produced. This was rolled up and etched in the usual manner. This was the first transferprocess, but did not prove of practical value. 5. J. W. Osborne patented in Australia, September 1, 1859, and in the United States, June 25, 1861, a transfer-process, in which he prepares a sheet of paper by coating one side with a mixture of albumen, gelatine, and bichromate of potash, and dries it in the dark. This is exposed under a negative, whereby a visible change is produced, the brilliant yellow of the sheet, due to the salt of chromium, being changed to a chestnut-brown. In addition to this visible change, the organic matter becomes insoluble. A coating of transfer-ink is now applied to the whole exposed surface, by pa
1391 AD (search for this): chapter 16
remedy this intolerable nuisance by causing the streets to be paved, which was accordingly done. The orders for this purpose were issued by the government in the year 1184, and upon that occasion, it is said, the name of the city, which was then called Lutetia, on account of its dirtiness, was changed to that of Paris. In 1641, the streets in many quartiers of Paris were not yet paved. Dijon, at that time reckoned one of the most beautiful cities of France, had paved streets as early as 1391; and it is remarked by historians that after this period dangerous diseases, such as dysentery, spotted fever, and others, became less frequent in that city. The streets of London were not paved at the end of the eleventh century. It is related that in the Wooden-block paving. year 1190 the church of St. Mary le Bow, in Cheapside, was unroofed by a violent wind, and that four pillars, 26 feet in length, sunk so deep into the ground that scarcely four feet of them appeared above the s
1395 AD (search for this): chapter 16
a horizontal bar fixed at right angles to an upright arbor, and the movement was accelerated or retarded by diminishing or increasing the distance of the weights from the arbor. The clocks erected at Strasburg, 1370, Courtray, 1370, and Spire, 1395, were probably of this character, as were also the astronomical clocks of Tycho Brahe and other less celebrated astronomers of his period. b shows the Harris pendulum as contrived by him in the clock put up in the turret of the Church of St. Paeen difficult to ascertain the distinction between the two. Priv′y. In almost all cities of the world, until a comparatively recent date, all kinds of filth were thrown into the public streets. This was forbidden in Paris by an ordinance in 1395. It was practiced till 1750 in Edinburgh. Three centuries since the royal residences of Spain were destitute of privies, while the circumnavigators found them among the Maories of New Zealand, the antipodes. Laws ordering that every house in
September 21st, 1802 AD (search for this): chapter 16
oved its efficacy by letting himself from the windows of a lofty house in the city of Lyons. Blanchard, in a balloon ascension in August, 1785, let down a dog from a great hight by means of a parachute, without injury. He afterward applied it to descending from a balloon, in 1793, but, the machine failing to expand fully, he broke his leg in alighting. The first successful descent by a parachute from a balloon was by Mons. Garnerin, in Paris, October 21, 1797; he descended again September 21, 1802, when on a visit to England for the purpose of practicing aerostation among the islanders. This parachute consisted of thirty-two gores of white canvas, formed like an umbrella of 23 feet diameter; at the top was a round disk of wood, 10 inches in breadth, having a hole in its center to admit short pieces of tape to fasten it to the gores of the canvas. About 4 1/2 feet below the top was a hoop 8 feet in diameter, attached by a string to each seam, and below the hoop the wicker-work
1400 AD (search for this): chapter 16
of from 40 to 50 pages, with scenes and incidents from the Bible. It was a great favorite for four or five centuries, existing at first in the manuscript form; it was printed from blocks in 1440, and remained as a block-book long after the invention of separate-type printing by Guttenberg. The book had several authors, but its first compilation is ascribed to Bonaventura, the chief of the Franciscans, in 1260. John Guttenberg (called Geinsfleisch, from the name of his house) was born in 1400 at Mentz. In company with Faust and others he printed several works with wooden types and wooden blocks. These were the Alexandri Galli Doctrinale and Petri Hispani Tractatus, in 1442; and subsequently the Tabula Alphabetica, Catholicon, Donati Grammatica, and the Confessionalia, between the years 1444 and 1450. In the years 1450-55, the Bible of 637 leaves was printed by Guttenberg and Faust with cut metal types. Guttenberg died in 1468, in high honor for his genius and perseverance. Faus
October 9th, 1855 AD (search for this): chapter 16
lay the side-laps successively (Figs. F, G), one folder (Fig. H) carrying a knife, folding the bottom centrally and into the rollers which discharge it pressed flat for packing. Biedinger's paper-bag machine (series of operations). paper-bag machines patented in the United States. No.Name.Date. 9,355,F. Wolle,Oct. 26, 1852. 12,511,Louis KochMarch 13, 1855. 12,786,Smith and PetteeMay 1, 1855. 12,945,E. W. GoodaleMay 29, 1855. 12,982,F. WolleMay 29, 1855. 13,647,E. W. GoodaleOct. 9, 1855. 17,184,B. F. RiceApril 28, 1857. 19,506,Jacob KellerMarch 2, 1858. 20,838,Francis WolleJuly 6, 1858. 21,657,Henry R. DavidOct. 5, 1858. 22,199,S. E. PetteeNov. 30, 1858. 24,734,William GoodaleJuly 12, 1859. 25,191,William GoodaleAug. 23, 1859. 27,959,Louis D. BarrandApril 24, 1860. 28,188,G. F. LufberryMay 8, 1860. 28,537,S. E. PetteeMay 29, 1860. 30,191,H. G. ArmstrongOct. 2, 1860. 32,777,John Miller, Jr.July 9, 1861. 37,573,J. J. GreenoughFeb. 3, 1863. 37,726,C. H. Morgan
January 24th, 1865 AD (search for this): chapter 16
vy shape. The sides are then folded over by side flaps, the folded portions lapping over each other the width of the pasted surface. The bottom flap is turned over and pasted on to the sides. i i′ are two views of the Hollingsworth bag, January 24, 1865, which is made upon a vertical former with dilatable sides. Jaeger's machine, May 7, 1857, is shown in Fig. 3509. It is somewhat similar to the one shown at Fig. 3508. It takes a square blank and folds over two angular flaps, making a con1863. 37,726,C. H. MorganFeb. 17, 1863. 38,253,Joseph WellsApril 21, 1863. 38,452,S. E. PetteeMay 5, 1863. 40,001,Joseph WellsSept. 15, 1863. 42,313,Joseph WellsApril 12, 1864. 43,773,J. M. HurdApril 12, 1864. 45,999,E. A. HollingsworthJan. 24, 1865. 49,454,B. B. TaggartAug. 15, 1865. 49,736,B. F. EllisSept. 5, 1865. 49,951,E. W. GoodaleSept. 12, 1865. 62,342,Kirk and HowlettFeb. 26, 1867. 64,537,G. L. JaegerMay 7, 1867. 70,601,E. B. OlmstedNov. 5, 1867. 74,190,James ArkellFeb. 11
February 23rd, 1858 AD (search for this): chapter 16
the stone, rolled up with lithographic ink, etched, and printed. It may be here remarked that Dixon's experiment contained the gist, though unperceived by any, of the recent important inventions of Tessie du Motay, Albert, Edwards, and others, inasmuch as he really printed from an organic deposit which lay between the ink and the stone. See photo-mechanical printing; carbon-print; gelatine process; Heliotype. 3. Cutting and Bradford, Boston, Mass., patented a process in England, February 23, 1858, and in the United States, March 16, 1858, which consisted in coating a stone with a solution of gum and bichromate of potash, with an addition of sugar; drying the same and exposing under a transparent positive. After the actinic change was effected they washed the stone with soapwater, which penetrated only the parts unchanged by light, and formed there the lithographic picture susceptible of taking ink. The stone was then treated according to the usual lithographic methods, includi
1377 AD (search for this): chapter 16
was used, the vanes meeting the resistance of the air, forming a limit to the speed, as in the musical boxes of the present day. Such was probably the regulator in the clocks of the Saracens, which were moved by weights as early as the eleventh century; the clock which struck the hours, referred to by Dante (1265-1321); the clock in the old Palace Yard, London, put up about 1288 and remaining till the time of Elizabeth; the clock made by William of Wallingford in the reign of Richard II. （1377-85). Ebn Junis, of the University of Cordova, invented the timemeasuring pendulum, and his friend and fellow-philosopher, Gerbert, invented the escapement, as it is believed. Gerbert became, successively, schoolmaster at Rheims (where he had a clock), Archbishop of Ravenna, and Pope Sylvester II. He died by poison in 1002. So did his patron, Otho III., about the same time. An oscillating arm was substituted for the fly, probably in the fourteenth century. The clock of Henry de Wyc
... 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180