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November 19th, 1872 AD (search for this): chapter 16
scribe and exhibit an apparatus for molding dental plates, consisting of 3, flask press and an oil bath, heated by a lamp. Newton, April 23, 1872, describes a mode of attaching pyroxyline backing to artificial teeth, by softening, shaping, and puncturing the backing, and then pressing it upon the pins of the teeth. Pursell, May 7, 1872, describes a flask, clamping-attachment, and case, forming an apparatus for attaching artificial teeth to the pyroxyline base. Hyatt and Hyatt, November 19, 1872, describe process and apparatus for manufacturing celluloid. The mixture of pyroxyline and gum-camphor is pressed into cakes and then pressed in a pile with alternating layers of paper. The combined materials are pressed by a plunger in a heated cylinder, dissolved, and discharged at a nozzle in a continuous rod or sheet. Jones, March 11, 1873, makes truss-pads of pyroxyline. Hyatt, April 29, 1873, has a means of subjecting newly coated articles to pressure, which absorbs the
August 16th, 1653 AD (search for this): chapter 16
uting-tables; the remainder is used as a throughmail room, where the bags are placed after distribution. A patent bag-catcher, which snatches the mail-bags from cranes at the different stations as the train passes, is fixed to each door of the car. Post′age-stamp. A stamp attached to a letter or package, to pay for its carriage by mail. Postage-stamps were in use in Paris in the reign of Louis XIV., 1653. A private post, under royal authority, was established by M. Velayer, August 16, 1653, a stamp being attached to pay for the transportation of the answer. The stamps were on sale at different public places, and had a portrait of the king. They were sold at one sous each. Boxes were placed at streetcorners for the reception of the letters, which were collected three times a day. Postage-stamps for prepayment of letters were adopted in England about 1840, and about eight years afterward in France. Subsequently the idea spread to almost all civilized nations. The
1330 AD (search for this): chapter 16
liest manuscript on linen paper known to be English bears date fourteenth year of Edward III., 1320. The first water-mark, a ram's head, is found in a book of accounts belonging to an official of Bordeaux, which was then subject to England, dated 1330. It has been claimed that linen paper was made in England as early as 1330, though it is supposed that no linen paper was made in Italy previous to 1367. In 1390, Ulman Strother established a paper-mill at Nuremberg in Bavaria, operated by two1330, though it is supposed that no linen paper was made in Italy previous to 1367. In 1390, Ulman Strother established a paper-mill at Nuremberg in Bavaria, operated by two rollers, which set in motion eighteen stampers. This indicates the process of pulping the fiber by beating, which continued in use for nearly four centuries. This was the first paper-mill known to have been established in Germany, and is said to have been the first in Europe for manufacturing paper from linen rags. In 1498, an entry appears among the privy expenses of Henry VII. for a reward given to the paper-mill, 16 s. 8 d. This is probably the papermill mentioned by Wynkin de Worde, th
April 23rd, 1872 AD (search for this): chapter 16
the molds, and then expels the camphor or other solvent by heat or chemical means. Hyatt, May 16, 1871, describes a mode of holding centrally in a mold articles to be coated. Troutman, October 17, 1871, describes a mode of attaching artificial teeth to the base by solid pieces of the same material as the base. Hyatt and Hyatt, December 5, 1871, describe and exhibit an apparatus for molding dental plates, consisting of 3, flask press and an oil bath, heated by a lamp. Newton, April 23, 1872, describes a mode of attaching pyroxyline backing to artificial teeth, by softening, shaping, and puncturing the backing, and then pressing it upon the pins of the teeth. Pursell, May 7, 1872, describes a flask, clamping-attachment, and case, forming an apparatus for attaching artificial teeth to the pyroxyline base. Hyatt and Hyatt, November 19, 1872, describe process and apparatus for manufacturing celluloid. The mixture of pyroxyline and gum-camphor is pressed into cakes and th
November 12th, 1872 AD (search for this): chapter 16
's patent, January 23, 1872. Bibby and Baron's English machine, October 1, 1872, for making square-bottomed bags, takes the paper tube from a roll, cuts, pastes, folds, presses, prints, and delivers the completed bag. Annan's machine, November 12, 1872. A strip of paper, one edge pasted, is fed over curved guides (carrying diagonal spreading-rolls) attached to pivoted lever-arms, and its sides turned inward and lapped by twisted guides. This tube is pressed and fed forward by rolls (bet871. 122,099,James ArkellDec. 26, 1871. 122,510,L. D. BennerJan. 9, 1872. 123,013,George GuildJan. 23, 1872. 123,812,L. C. CrowellFeb. 20, 1872. 131,841,Bibby and BaronOct. 1, 1872. 132,312,H. B. MorrisOct. 15, 1872. 132,890,C. F. AnnanNov. 12, 1872. 133,395,J. ArkellNov. 26, 1872. 134,035,B. ColeDec. 17, 1872. 134,580,C. F. AnnanJan. 7, 1873. 135,145,M. MurphyJan. 21, 1873. 135,275,T. HotchkissJan. 28, 1873. 138,844,L. D. BennerMay 13, 1873. 139,104,H. G. ArmstrongMay 20, 1873.
November 26th, 1872 AD (search for this): chapter 16
E. ArmstrongFeb. 21, 1871. 114,743,A. AdamsMay 16, 1871. 116,842,M. E. KnightJuly 11, 1871. 118,327,James ArkellAug. 22, 1871. 119,307,J. M., J. P., and S. H. BryantSept. 26, 1871. 119,915,B. S. BinneyOct. 17, 1871. 122,099,James ArkellDec. 26, 1871. 122,510,L. D. BennerJan. 9, 1872. 123,013,George GuildJan. 23, 1872. 123,812,L. C. CrowellFeb. 20, 1872. 131,841,Bibby and BaronOct. 1, 1872. 132,312,H. B. MorrisOct. 15, 1872. 132,890,C. F. AnnanNov. 12, 1872. 133,395,J. ArkellNov. 26, 1872. 134,035,B. ColeDec. 17, 1872. 134,580,C. F. AnnanJan. 7, 1873. 135,145,M. MurphyJan. 21, 1873. 135,275,T. HotchkissJan. 28, 1873. 138,844,L. D. BennerMay 13, 1873. 139,104,H. G. ArmstrongMay 20, 1873. 140,342,N. BiedingerJuly 1, 1873. 141,862,G. DunhamAug. 19, 1873. 143,358,W. LiddellSept. 30, 1873. 143,674,L. C. CrowellOct. 14, 1873. 143,925,J. S. OstrangerOct. 21, 1873. 145,125,J. P. RaymondDec. 2, 1873. 146,372,W. WebsterJan. 13, 1874. 146,773,R. W. MurphyJan. 27, 1874.
1333 AD (search for this): chapter 16
and Bacon's English Patent, 1813. The roller is cast in a hollow cylindrical mold, a wooden core with metallic bearings being first placed centrally in the mold. See inking-roll. Print′er's Var′nish. Linseed or nut oil boiled and kindled till it acquires a certain consistence; to this black resin is added, 3/4 to 1 pound to the quart of oil, stirred; 1 3/4 pound of dry brown soap added, stirred, boiled. May be diluted with oil of turpentine for use. See lithographic varnish, page 1333. Print-hold′er. （Photography.) A small frame for suspension from a nail or supported at the back in the manner of an easel, adapted to hold and exhibit a photograph. See also pressure-frame. Print′ing. 1. a. the art of taking an impression from an inked form, plate, block, or stone. Speaking generally, the art is at least forty centuries old. Ancient Assyrian and Egyptian seals exist, whose surfaces were blacked and then pressed upon bark, a leaf, or skin, delivering an
October 27th, 1668 AD (search for this): chapter 16
for any other place inscribed upon it. Pan′to-graph. An instrument for copying drawings. Its invention is ascribed to Christopher Scheiner, a Jesuit, 1603. It has since undergone various modifications and improvements. A device of this kind is alluded to by Pepys. This evening Mr. Spong [the inventor] came and first told me of the instrument called a parallelogram [pantograph], which I must have one of, showing me his practice thereon, by a map of England. — Pepys's Diary, October 27, 1668. Pantograph. The pantograph consists of four metallic rules, two of which a b are jointed at c, and the other two d e are jointed over h; each rule is perforated with a series of holes, and the two d e are provided with thumb-screws by which they may be connected to a b, at either of the holes of the series. g is a tracer; h, a pencil or pricker; and i a screw or point which is forced into the drawing board or table to hold the instrument in position. For use, the rules d c a
December 9th, 1857 AD (search for this): chapter 16
laced after the requisite quantities of cinder and metal have been again charged, and the process is continued. From eight to ten charges are made before any refettling is required, and these heats are worked in a day of ten hours. See puddling-furnace. Mechanical Puddlers. Griffith1865 McCarty1852 Berard1867 Harrison1854 Bloomhall1872 Bennett1864 Heatley1873 Gove1858 Dormoy1869 Riley1873 Danes1873 Sellers1873 Wood1870 Heatley1869 Revolving Puddlers. BeadlestoneDec. 9, 1857 HeatonAug. 13, 1867 AllenApr. 14, 1868 YatesFeb. 23, 1869 DanksNov. 24, 1868 DanksOct. 20, 1869 YatesFeb. 23, 1869 See also patents to Boynton, Allen, Jenkins, Smith, 1871; Jackson, Goodrich, Richardson, et al., Davies, Post, 1872; Jones, Danks, 1873. Pud′dle-rolls. The first, or roughing, rolls of a rolling-mill. Invented by Henry Cort, England, and patented in 1783. The loop, or ball of puddled iron, after a preliminary forging, is drawn out by passing through the pu
1310 AD (search for this): chapter 16
paper being rubbed off, a clear impression of the ink remains on the wood. The workman then cuts away all that part of the block not covered by ink, leaving the characters in relief. The pages are then ready to print. The first four books of Kung-fu-tze were printed, according to Klaproth, upon page blocks in the province of Szut-schuen, between 890 and 925 A. D., and the description of the technical manipulation of the Chinese press might have been read in Western countries as early as 1310 in Raschid-eddin's Persian History of Cathay. No press is used in printing, but the workman holds in his right hand a stick with a brush at each end. With one brush he applies ink to the page, then lays on a sheet of thin paper, like tissue-paper, and runs the dry brush over it, so as to make the impression. The paper is printed on one side only, and the blank side is turned inward, leaving the fold on the outside of the pages. A Chinese book thus has the appearance of an uncut volume.
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