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June 3rd, 1863 AD (search for this): chapter 20
s favor. At a subsequent session of the Convention, on the 27th of November, the name was changed to West Virginia, and a State Constitution was formed. On the 3d of May following the people ratified it, and on the same day the Legislature, at a called session, approved of the division of the State, and the establishment of a New Commonwealth. All of the requirements of the National Constitution now having been complied with, West Virginia was admitted as a State of the Union on the 3d of June, 1863, by an Act of Congress, approved by the President on the 31st of December, 1862. the conspirators denounced the action of Congress and the President as usurpation, and a violation of the third section of the fourth Article of the Constitution, which says:-- New States May be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no New State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State, nor any State formed by the junction of two or more States or parts of States,
and their own independence, or be made slaves to a confederacy of traitors whom they abhorred; and Union meetings were called in various parts of the mountain region, which were largely attended. The first of these assembled at Clarksburg, in Harrison County, on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railway, on the 22d of April, when resolutions, offered by John S. Carlile, a member of the Convention yet sitting in Richmond, calling an assembly of delegates of the people at Wheeling, on the 13th of May, were adopted. The course of Governor Letcher was severely condemned, and eleven citizens were chosen to represent Harrison County in the Convention at Wheeling. Meetings were held elsewhere. One of these, at Kingwood, in Preston County, May 4, 1861. evinced the most determined hostility to the conspirators, and declared that the separation of Western from Eastern Virginia was essential to the maintenance of their liberties. They also resolved to elect a representative in the Nationa
June 13th, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 20
d a Declaration that the functions of all officers in the State of Virginia who adhered to it were suspended, and the offices vacated. Resolutions were adopted, declaring the intention of the people of Virginia never to submit to the Ordinance of Sebcession, but to maintain the rights of the Commonwealth in the Union; also, calling upon all citizens who had taken up arms against the National Government to lay them down and return to their allegiance. on the Third day of the session, June 13, 1861. an Ordinance was reported for vacating all the offices in the State held by State officers acting in hostility to the General Government, and also providing for a Provisional Government and the election of officers for a period of six months; also, requiring all officers of the State, counties, and towns to take the oath of allegiance. This movement was purely revolutionary. There was no pretense of secession from Virginia, but a Declaration of the people that Governor Letcher and oth
ned as destructive sharp-shooters during the war. In addition to their rifle, they carried a sheath-knife, known as the Bowie-knife, in their belt. This is a formidable weapon in a hand-to-hand fight, when wielded by men expert in its use, as many were in the southwestern States, where it was generally seen in murderous frays in the streets and bar-rooms. Its origin is connected with an incident in the life of Colonel Bowie, who was engaged in the revolt of Texas against Mexico, in 1835 and 1836. his sword-blade was broken in an encounter, when he converted the remainder into a stout sharp-pointed knife, and the weapon became very popular. See note 1, page 266. to General Scott the propriety of sending National troops to occupy that very position before a Confederate soldier had appeared, Parton's Butler in New Orleans, page 105. knowing that Washington City could be more easily defended at that distance from it, than by troops and batteries on Arlington Hights, just across the
aff was raised, and the National banner was unfurled from it with imposing ceremonies. on that occasion a group of officers stood around the flag-staff. Among them was Colonel Corcoran, the commander, Colonel (afterward Major-General) David Hunter, and Captain (afterward Brigadier-General) Thomas Francis Meagher. At the request of Corcoran, John savage, his aid, the well-known Irish poet, sang a song, entitled the Starry flag, which he had composed on the war-transport Marion, on the 18th of May, while on her perilous voyage with the regiment up the Potomac, exposed to the masked batteries planted by the Confederates on the Virginia shore. This song May be found in a collection of a few of Mr. Savage's poems, entitled faith and Fancy. it is full of stirring sentiment. that and Fort Runyon were the first regular works constructed by the National troops at the beginning of the civil war, and the first over which the flag of the Republic was flung out. At that point a small detachm
ere renowned as destructive sharp-shooters during the war. In addition to their rifle, they carried a sheath-knife, known as the Bowie-knife, in their belt. This is a formidable weapon in a hand-to-hand fight, when wielded by men expert in its use, as many were in the southwestern States, where it was generally seen in murderous frays in the streets and bar-rooms. Its origin is connected with an incident in the life of Colonel Bowie, who was engaged in the revolt of Texas against Mexico, in 1835 and 1836. his sword-blade was broken in an encounter, when he converted the remainder into a stout sharp-pointed knife, and the weapon became very popular. See note 1, page 266. to General Scott the propriety of sending National troops to occupy that very position before a Confederate soldier had appeared, Parton's Butler in New Orleans, page 105. knowing that Washington City could be more easily defended at that distance from it, than by troops and batteries on Arlington Hights, just a
igible positions for batteries. James D. Gay, mentioned in note 1, page 418, visited the steamship Monticello on the 23d of May, then discharging Government stores at Georgetown, and while viewing Arlington Hights, not far from the Aqueduct Bridgehis premises for many days, and had been plainly seen from the President's House in Washington. on the preceding day (May 23d) a Confederate flag, flying in Alexandria, had attracted the attention of the troops in Washington City. Just at evenin1th day of June following, if the obnoxious Ordinance should be ratified by the voice of the people, to be given on the 23d of May. A Central Committee was appointed, that Committee consisted of John S. Carlile, James S. Wheat, C. D. Hubbard, F. movements on the soil of that State before the votes of the people had been given on the Ordinance of Secession, on the 23d of May, for it was determined that no occasion should be afforded for a charge, which the conspirators would be quick to make,
e, and frequently afterward, spoken of in the Richmond press as one of the greatest of misfortunes. A crisis was evidently at hand, and the General-in-chief was now persuaded to allow an immediate invasion of Virginia. On the previous day (May 22) a large National flag, purchased by the clerks of the Post-Office Department, in testimony of their loyalty, was raised over the General Post-Office, in Washington City, by the hand of President Lincoln. The air was almost motionless, and the bn on the 23d of May. A Central Committee was appointed, that Committee consisted of John S. Carlile, James S. Wheat, C. D. Hubbard, F. H. Pierpont, G. R. Latham, Andrew Wilson, S. H. Woodward, James W. Paxton, and Campbell Farr. who, on the 22d of May, issued an argumentative address to the people of Northwestern Virginia. these proceedings thoroughly alarmed the conspirators, who expected a revolt and an appeal to arms in Western Virginia, under the auspices of the National Government; a
argumentative address to the people of Northwestern Virginia. these proceedings thoroughly alarmed the conspirators, who expected a revolt and an appeal to arms in Western Virginia, under the auspices of the National Government; and on the 25th of May, Governor Letcher wrote a letter to Colonel Porterfield, who was in command of some State troops at Grafton, at the junction of the Baltimore and Ohio and the Northwestern Railway, ordering him to take the train some night, run up to Wheeling,hia, was invited to become its leader. He had lived in Wheeling, and had been commander of a volunteer Regiment there. His skill and bravery were appreciated, and in this hour of need they were required. He hastened to Wheeling, and, on the 25th of May, took command of the Regiment. George B. McClellan had been called to the command of the Ohio troops, as we have observed. He was soon afterward commissioned a Major-General of Volunteers, May 14, 1861. and assigned to the command of the
July 4th, 1776 AD (search for this): chapter 20
officers then in an attitude of rebellion against the National authority had abdicated Government, and were formally deposed, and that a new Government for Virginia was formed. Governor Letcher had, by his acts, made war upon the people, and placed himself in the attitude of George the Third when he made war upon the Colonies, and thus, as they expressed it, he abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his protection and waging war against us. the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. the Convention adopted a Declaration of Independence of the old Government on the 1 7th, which was signed by all the members present, fifty-six in number, and on the 19th the Ordinance for the establishment of a Provisional Government was adopted. The Convention had already considered the propriety of forming a new State, separate from the old one; and on the 20th there was a unanimous vote in favor of the ultimate separation of Western from Eastern Virginia. On that day, the new or re
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