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February 28th, 1825 AD (search for this): entry alaskan-boundary-the
subjects as to United States establishments. From the commerce permitted by the convention, fire-arms and liquors were excluded. So far as dominion was concerned, the practical effect of this treaty was to leave it to Great Britain and Russia to divide the territory north of lat. 54° 40″ N., and to the United States and Great Britain to divide that to the south. Great Britain and Russia settled their maritime and territorial differences by a convention signed at St. Petersburg on Feb. 28, 1825. which will hereafter be referred to as the convention of 1825. This convention defines, in Articles III. and IV., the boundary between Alaska and the British possessions as it exists to-day. The treaty of 1867, ceding Alaska to the United States, describes the eastern limits of the cession by incorporating the definition given in the convention of 1825. This convention was signed only in French, which is therefore the official text; but there accompanies it, in the British publicat
government of Canada, and communicated through the British minister at Washington, as to the desirableness of definitely marking the boundary. No action upon the recommendation was taken; but an estimate then made by United States officials as to the probable cost and duration of the task of surveying and marking the line as laid down in the treaty placed the cost at about $1,500,000 and the time at nine years for field operations and at least an additional year for office work. In January, 1886, the minister of the United States in London, acting under instructions, proposed the appointment of a joint commission, which should designate and establish the boundary-line, or else report such data as might afford a basis for its establishment by a new treaty. The Dominion government, to whom this proposal was referred, expressed the opinion that a preliminary survey was preferable to a formally constituted joint commission, and suggested that such a. survey would enable the two gov
anal, as it is laid down in Arrowsmith's last map, . . . as the boundary in the interior of the continent. This suggestion was not accepted, and subsequently, acting under instructions, he proposed a line drawn through Chatham Straits to the head of Lynn Canal, thence northwest to the 140th degree of longitude west of Greenwich, and thence along that degree of longitude to the Polar Sea. The Russian plenipotentiaries rejected this proposal and submitted a counter-project. By the ukase of 1799, the Russian dominion was assumed to extend to the southward as far as the 55th degree of north latitude. The Russian plenipotentiaries therefore offered to adhere to this limit, with a deflection at the southern extremity of Prince of Wales Island so as to avoid a division of territory, and, for the rest, proposed that the line should follow Portland Channel up to the mountains which border the coast, thence ascend along these mountains. parallel to the sinuosities of the coast, as far as
September 7th, 1821 AD (search for this): entry alaskan-boundary-the
ting on the northeastern (Sic) coast of America, from the . . . 55th degree [of north latitude] to Bering Strait. as well as the right to make new discoveries not only north of the fifty-fifth degree. but farther to the south, and to occupy the new lands discovered, as Russian possessions, if they were not previously occupied by or dependent upon another nation. Still further privileges were granted to the Russian-American Company by the famous ukase issued by the Emperor Alexander, Sept. 7, 1821, by which the pursuit of commerce, whaling and fishing, and of all other industry, on all islands, ports, and gulfs, including the whole of the northwest coast of America, beginning from Bering Strait to the 51st degree of northern latitude, was exclusively granted to Russian subjects, and foreign vessels, except in case of distress, were forbidden not only to land on the coasts and islands belonging to Russia, as stated above, but also to approach them within less than 100 Italian miles
ning to Sir C. Bagot, July 12, 1824. Were there room for doubt as to what these proposals and counter-proposals meant, it might be worth while specially to note the phrase seaward base of the mountains. as well as the suggestion made by the British government that no forts should be established or fortifications erected by either party on the summit or in the passes of the mountains in case the boundary should follow their summit and not their seaward base. (G. Canning to Sir C. Bagot, July 24, 1824.) Both these phrases obviously referred to mountains on the mainland. The Russian government, in response to the last British proposition, proposed that the lisiere, instead of being bounded by the summit of the mountains, except where it exceeded a certain distance from the coast, should not be wider on the continent than 10 marine leagues from the shore of the sea. In other words, Russia wanted either the crest of the mountains, or else a line 10 leagues from the coast, as the bo
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