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Pentecost (search for this): chapter 9
e that which they would have, and which they have not? . . . The heart beats in this age as of old, and the passions are busy as ever. Emerson in Dial, i. 157,158 (October, 1840). It was this strong conviction in their own minds of the need of something fresh and indigenous, which controlled the criticism of the Transcendentalists; and sometimes made them unjust to the early poetry of a man like Longfellow, who still retained the European symbols, and exasperated them by writing about Pentecost and bishop's-caps, just as if this continent had never been discovered. The most striking illustration of the direct literary purpose of this movement is not to be found in the early writings of Emerson, though they make it plain enough; but in a remarkable address given at Cambridge by a young man, whose career was cut short by death, after he had given promise of important service. Robert Bartlett, of Plymouth, Massachusetts, graduated at Cambridge in 1836, and in his Master of Arts
Thomas Carlyle (search for this): chapter 9
Shelleywere eagerly read in the United States; and Carlyle found here his first responsive audience. There was. i. 15. our master, Goethe; and Emerson writes to Carlyle (April 21, 1840), I have contrived to read almost every volume of Goethe, and I have fifty-five. Carlyle-Emerson correspondence, i. 285. To have read fifty-five or of a Life of Savonarola, and described in one of Carlyle's most deliciously humorous sketches as a loquaciou now when I find he cannot pronounce the h's. When Carlyle once quoted to him the saying of Novalis, that the at I am doing, answered the aspiring, unaspirating. Carlyle-Emerson correspondence, i. 276, 277. Nothing wa-who, upon a far higher plane of character, as even Carlyle would have admitted, was engaged in the same rathermy Public! On March 18, 1840, Emerson writes to Carlyle: My vivacious friend, Margaret Fuller, is toill be written with a good will, if written at all. Carlyle-Emerson correspondence, i. 270. Again he says,
Ichabod Crane (search for this): chapter 9
his theme among the exiles of Acadia. It was not Irving who invested the Hudson with romance, but the Hudson that inspired Irving. In 1786, when Mrs. Josiah Quincy, then a young girl, sailed up that river in a sloop, she wrote: Our captain had a legend for every scene, either supernatural or traditional, or of actual occurrence during the war; and not a mountain reared its head, unconnected with some marvelous story. Irving was then a child of three years old, but Rip Van Winkle and Ichabod Crane — or their equivalents — were already on the spot, waiting for some one of sufficient literary talent to tell their tale. Margaret Fuller grew up at a time when our literature was still essentially colonial; not for want of material, but for want of self-confidence. As Theodore Parker said in his vigorous vernacular, somewhat later, the cultivated American literature was exotic, and the native literature was rowdy, consisting mainly of campaign squibs, coarse satire, and frontier jok
Americans (search for this): chapter 9
heir place. Since then, they have held their own; birds and flowers are recognized as a part of the local coloring, not as mere transportable property, to be brought over by emigrants in their boxes, and good only as having crossed the ocean. Americans still go to England to hear the skylark, but Englishmen also come to America to hear the bobolink. This effect of the new movement was doubtless partly unconscious; for the impulse included some who were illiterate, but thoughtful, and distrlled Psyche. All these productions were read with great eagerness by the Boston circle, Mr. Alcott's diary recording from month to month the satisfaction taken by himself, Miss Fuller, and others in Heraud's undertakings, and his own fear that Americans could not support such an enterprise. It will be some time, he writes in his diary (November 1, 1839), before our contemplated journal will be commenced, and I question whether we shall find talent or spirit to equal that of our English br
Pegasus (search for this): chapter 9
ic ear with such a succession of melodies that all the stones will advance to form a city of refuge for the just. I think with the greatest pleasure of working in company with you. But what will it be? will you give us poems or philosophy or criticism, and how much? for we are planning out our first number by the yard. Let me hear from you directly. Ms. Later, she writes to him again:-- Jamaica Plain, 10th March, 1840. Henry, I adjure you, in the name of all the Genii, Muses, Pegasus, Apollo, Pollio, Apollyon, ( and must I mention --) to send me something good for this journal before the 1st May. All mortals, my friend, are slack and bare; they wait to see whether Hotspur wins, before they levy aid for as good a plan as ever was laid. I know you are plagued and it is hard to write, just so is it with me, for I also am a father. But you can help, and become a godfather! if you like, and let it be nobly, for if the first number justify not the magazine, it will not
Leigh Hunt (search for this): chapter 9
o a crisis by the existence of an English periodical, which was at the time thought so good as to be almost a model for the American enterprise; but which seems, on rereading it in the perspective of forty years, to be quite unworthy of the comparison. There was in England a man named John A. Heraud, author of a Life of Savonarola, and described in one of Carlyle's most deliciously humorous sketches as a loquacious, scribacious little man of middle age, of parboiled greasy aspect, and by Leigh Hunt, as wavering in the most astonishing manner between being Something and being Nothing. He seems to have been, if not witty himself, the cause of wit in others, for Stuart Mill said of him: I forgive him freely for interpreting the Universe, now when I find he cannot pronounce the h's. When Carlyle once quoted to him the saying of Novalis, that the highest problem of authorship is the writing of a Bible,-- That is precisely what I am doing, answered the aspiring, unaspirating. Carly
F. Petrarch (search for this): chapter 9
ize what has been latterly called the Sympathy of Religions. Thanks to this general fact, that the best literature is transportable and carries the same weight everywhere, these American innovators, living in their little Boston and Cambridge and Concord, had for literary purposes a cosmopolitan training. This advantage would, however, have been of little worth to them unless combined with the consciousness that they were living in a new world and were part of a self-governing nation. As Petrarch gave an impulse to modern European literature when he thought himself reviving the study of the ancient, so the Transcendental movement in America, while actively introducing French and German authors to the American public, was really preparing the way for that public to demand a literature of its own. The utterances of the Dial were often, from the very outset, tinged with the passing fashion of a period now gone by. The writers took an ideal view of things,--sometimes extravagantly id
Alfred Tennyson (search for this): chapter 9
n the latter began to publish his New Monthly Magazine. Dr. Convers Francis, who contrived upon the salary of a poor country clergyman to subscribe to everything and buy everything, of course took Heraud's periodical; and his copy, apparently the only one to be found in these parts, now lies before me. In this magazine it was proposed to publish some other things from American sources besides Bartlett's oration ; as, for instance, a review of Jones Very's poems, by Miss Fuller; and one of Tennyson's, by John S. Dwight; but these seem never to have appeared. Besides this monthly, Heraud or his friends planned and announced a still more esoteric periodical, to be called Aurora; and his ally, Dr. J. Westland Marston, actually published some numbers of one called Psyche. All these productions were read with great eagerness by the Boston circle, Mr. Alcott's diary recording from month to month the satisfaction taken by himself, Miss Fuller, and others in Heraud's undertakings, and his o
Wordsworth (search for this): chapter 9
of the little world into the great, that is enlargement; all else is parochialism. It is also to be remembered that people in America, in those days, if they had access to no great variety of thought, still had — as in the Indian's repartee about Time-all the thought there was. The sources of intellectual influence then most powerful in England, France, and Germany, were accessible and potent in America also. The writers who were then remoulding English intellectual habits — Coleridge, Wordsworth, Shelleywere eagerly read in the United States; and Carlyle found here his first responsive audience. There was a similar welcome afforded in America to Cousin and his eclectics, then so powerful in France; the same to Goethe, Herder, Jean Paul, Kant, Schelling, Fichte, Jacobi, and Hegel. All these were read eagerly by the most cultivated classes in the United States, and helped, here as in Europe, to form the epoch. Margaret Fuller, so early as October 6, 1834, wrote in one of her unp
Washington (search for this): chapter 9
Is not the history of this people transcendent in the chronicles of the world for pure, homogeneous sublimity and beauty and richness? Go down some ages of ages from this day, compress the years from the landing of the Pilgrims to the death of Washington into the same span as the first two centuries of Athens now fill our memories. Will men then come hither from all regions of the globe — will the tomb of Washington, the rock of the Puritans then become classic to the world? will these spots Washington, the rock of the Puritans then become classic to the world? will these spots and relics here give the inspiration, the theme, the image of the poet and orator and sculptor, and be the ground of splendid mythologies? . . We do not express the men and the miracles of our history in our social action, and correspondingly, ay, and by consequence, we do not outwrite them in poetry or art. We are looking abroad and back after a literature. Let us come and live, and know in living a high philosophy and faith, so shall we find now, here, the elements, and in our own good souls
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