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May 25th (search for this): chapter 28
m they were referred for information, and much more from lack of knowledge of the lawful relations existing between the national troops and the civil authorities in this country, although those relations had been plainly defined in an order dated May 25, quoted below. Like ignorance in respect to the proper tactical methods of dealing with insurrection against the authority of the United States caused halting and ineffective action of the troops. To correct this error and make known to all the It appears to have been thought in Chicago that the request of the United States marshal, with whom the commanding officer of the troops had been directed to confer, was equivalent to orders of the War Department, notwithstanding the order of May 25, above quoted, strictly prohibiting any such use of troops. Hence the faulty disposition of the troops which was corrected when the mob was approaching the heart of the city. Then some of the troops on the outskirts of the city were withdrawn,
December 1st, 1894 AD (search for this): chapter 28
protect property, and execute the laws. The city police were utterly powerless in such an emergency, and deputy United States marshals, though employed without limit as to numbers, were no more effective. The State militia were not called out in time to meet the emergency. Hence nothing remained but for the National Government to exercise the military power conferred upon it by the Constitution and laws, so far as the same were applicable. See the report of Attorney-General Olney, December 1, 1894, p. 31. Fortunately, the acts of Congress passed in pursuance of the Constitution, although never before made effective in a similar case, were found to give ample authority for the action then required. Fortunately, also, the wise foresight of the government in establishing a large military post at Fort Sheridan, near Chicago, made a regiment of infantry, a squadron of cavalry, and a battery of artillery immediately available for service in that city. But, unfortunately, the commandi
July 3rd (search for this): chapter 28
, after several inquiries by telegraph, learned that the general had started that afternoon from Long Island for Washington instead of for Chicago. The next day (July 3), in the President's room at the Executive Mansion, in reply to my suggestion that his presence was needed with his command, General Miles said he was subject to e to meet the emergency. It became necessary in the judgment of the President to order the Fort Sheridan garrison into the city in the afternoon of the same day (July 3). The instructions given the day before about moving the troops to Lake Front Park were not complied with. From that point they could most readily have proteced a part of the military forces of the United States—not is about to employ, but has employed, under specific orders, which were telegraphed to Colonel Martin on July 3, to do certain things which were precisely the things specified in the proclamation of July 8, and not to aid the United States marshals in doing those things or
July (search for this): chapter 28
ly 3, to do certain things which were precisely the things specified in the proclamation of July 8, and not to aid the United States marshals in doing those things or any others. Yet it was not until July 9, six days after the order to Colonel Martin, that those duties became clearly defined, and then they were misunderstood in the very essential particulars above specified. The lawless interruptions of traffic on the Pacific roads had continued from the latter part of April till early in July,—two months and a half,—in spite of all the efforts to enforce the laws, in each special case, by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings. Yet as soon as full discretionary authority was given to the several department commanders to act promptly as each emergency might require, all obstruction to the operations of the Pacific railroads rapidly disappeared. The ordinary course of judicial proceedings is generally far too slow to produce satisfactory results when military force is requi
July 7th, 1894 AD (search for this): chapter 28
of which traffic was resumed throughout all that vast region of country as rapidly as trains conveying troops could be moved. No serious opposition or resistance was offered anywhere. (Telegram.) Headquarters of the army, Washington, July 7, 1894. brigadier-General Otis, Commanding Department of the Columbia, Vancouver Barracks, Washington: In view of the fact, as substantiated by communications received from the Department of Justice, from military official reports, and from otherul and forcible obstruction to the regular and orderly operation of said road for postal, military, naval, and all other government service. J. M. Schofield, Major-General Commanding. (Telegram.) Headquarters of the army, Washington, July 7, 1894. brigadier-General Otis, Commanding Department of the Columbia, Vancouver Barracks, Washington: The order of the President sent you this morning by telegraph is the same in substance as one sent last night to General Merritt, the purpose b
April (search for this): chapter 28
olonel Martin on July 3, to do certain things which were precisely the things specified in the proclamation of July 8, and not to aid the United States marshals in doing those things or any others. Yet it was not until July 9, six days after the order to Colonel Martin, that those duties became clearly defined, and then they were misunderstood in the very essential particulars above specified. The lawless interruptions of traffic on the Pacific roads had continued from the latter part of April till early in July,—two months and a half,—in spite of all the efforts to enforce the laws, in each special case, by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings. Yet as soon as full discretionary authority was given to the several department commanders to act promptly as each emergency might require, all obstruction to the operations of the Pacific railroads rapidly disappeared. The ordinary course of judicial proceedings is generally far too slow to produce satisfactory results when mil
1894 AD (search for this): chapter 28
instructions to govern the troops in dealing with a mob the duties of the military misunderstood orders of the President in regard to the Pacific Railways. in 1894 the vast development of railroad communication between the Mississippi valley and the Pacific Ocean, and the similar building of new cities and founding of industrbe so treated. I heard no more on that subject. That interpretation of the Pacific Railroad acts was suggested several times, but never officially accepted until 1894. The following are in substance the orders sent on July 6 and 7, by the President's direction, to all the department commanders ill the country traversed by theset my hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be hereto affixed. Done at the city of Washington, this ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-four, and of the independence of the United States the one hundred and nineteenth. Grover Cleveland. By the President: W. Q. Gresham, S
1890 AD (search for this): chapter 28
tually unlawfully participating is to abide at their homes, or at least not to be found in the neighborhood of riotous assemblages. While there will be no hesitation or vacillation in the decisive treatment of the guilty, this warning is especially intended to protect and save the innocent. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be hereto affixed. Done at the city of Washington, this eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninetyfour, and of the independence of the United States the one hundred and nineteenth. Grover Cleveland. By the President: W. Q. Gresham, Secretary of State. (General orders, no. 6.) headquarters Department of the Missouri, Chicago, Illinois, July 9, 1894. To all United States troops serving in the Department of the Missouri. The acts of violence committed during the past few days in obstructing the mail-trains and post-roads; the blocking of the i
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