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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
on to the world under the title of Lucubrationes. Confusion with Aulus Furius Antias We must carefully avoid confounding Furius Bibaculus with the Furius who was imitated in several passages of the Aeneid, and from whose Annals, extending to eleven books at least, we find some extracts in the Saturnalia. (Macrob. Saturn. 6.1; Compare Merula, ad Enn. Ann. p. xli.) The latter was named in full Aulus Furius Antias. and to him L. Lutatius Catulus, colleague of M. Marius in the consulship of B. C. 102, addressed an account of the campaign against the Cimbri. (Cic. Brut. 100.35.) To this Furius Antias are attributed certain lines found in Aulus Gellius (18.11), and brought under review on account of the affected neoterisms with which they abound. Had we any fair pretext for calling in question the authority of the summaries prefixed to the chapters of the Noctes Atticae, we should feel strongly disposed to follow G. J. Voss, Lambinus, and Heindorf, in assigning these follies to the amb
Ca'tulus 3. Q. Lutatius Catulus, Q. F., consul B. C. 102 with C. Marius IV., having been previously defeated in three successive attempts, first by C. Atilius Serranus, who was consul in 106, secondly by Cn. Manlius (or Mallius, or Manilius), who was consul in B. C. 105, and thirdly by C. Flavius Fimbria, who was consul in B. C. 104. He either was not a candidate for the consulship of 103, or if unsuccessful, his disappointment is not alluded to by Cicero in the passage where the rest of his repulses are enumerated. (Pro Planc. 5.) At the time when Catulus entered upon office, the utmost consternation reigned at Rome. The Cimbri, who in their great migration westward had been joined by the Teutoni, the Ambrones, the Tigurini, and various other tribes, after sweeping the upper valley of the Danube and spreading over Southern Gaul and Northern Spain, after defeating four Roman consuls, Carbo (113), Silanus (109), Cassius (107), Manlius (105), together with the proconsul Caepio (105),
e to Rome, where he conducted their elementary education according to the advice of L. Crassus, who pointed out both the subjects to which their attention ought chiefly to be devoted, and also the teachers by whom the information sought might be best imparted. These instructors were, with the exception perhaps of Q. Aelius, the grammarian (Brut. 56), all Greeks, and among the number was the renowned Archias of Antioch, who had been living at Rome under the protection of Lucullus ever since B. C. 102, and seems to have communicated a temporary enthusiasm for his own pursuits to his pupil, most of whose poetical attempts belong to his early youth. In his sixteenth year (B. C. 91) Cicero received the manly gown, and entered the forum, where he listened with the greatest avidity to the speakers at the bar and from the rostra, dedicating however a large portion of his time to reading, writing, and oratorical exercises. At this period he was committed by his father to the care of the venera
Ci'cero 6. Q. Tullius Cicero, son of No. 2, was born about B. C. 102, and was educated along with his elder brother, the orator, whom he accompanied to Athens in B. C. 79. (De Fin. 5.1.) In B. C. 67 he was elected aedile, and held the office of praetor in B. C. 62. After his period of service in the city had expired, he succeeded L. Flaccus as governor of Asia, where he remained for upwards of three years, and during his administration gave great offence to many, both of the Greeks and of his own countrymen, by his violent temper, unguarded language, and the corruption of his favourite freedman, Statius. The murmurs arising from these excesses called forth from Marcus that celebrated letter (ad Q. Fr. 1.2), in which, after warning him of his faults and of the unfavourable impression which they had produced, he proceeds to detail the qualifications, duties, and conduct of a perfect provincial ruler. Quintus returned home in B. C. 58, soon after his brother had gone into exile, and on
ed his sentiments and his courage. (Cic. de Leg. 2.16.) According to Cicero (Cic. Brut. 45), Gratidius was a clever accuser, well versed in Greek literature, and a person with great natural talent as an orator; he was further a friend of the orator M. Antonius, and accompanied him as his praefect to Cilicia, where he was killed. In the last-mentioned passage Cicero adds, that Gratidius spoke against C. Fimbria, who had been accused of extortion. (V. Max. 8.5.2.) This accusation seems to refer to the administration of a province, which Fimbria undertook in B. C. 103 (for he was consul in B. C. 104), so that the accusation would belong to B. C. 102, and more particularly to the beginning of that year, for in the course of it M. Antonius undertook the command against the pirates, and M. Gratidius, who accompanied him, was killed. (Comp. J. Obsequens, Prodig. 104; Drumann, Gesch. Roms, vol. i. p. 61, who, however, places the campaign of M. Antonius against the pirates one year too early.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Marcellus Clau'dius 16. M. Claudius Marcellus, called by Cicero, for distinction's sake, the father of Aeserninus. (Brut. 36.) We have no account of his connection with the main branch of the Marcelli, the family of the conqueror of Syracuse: the pedigree, as made out by Drumann, though not in itself improbable, is wholly without authority. He is first mentioned as serving under Marius in Gaul in B. C. 102, when he bore an important part in the defeat of the Teutones near Aquae Sextiae. (Plut. Marc. 20, 21.) In B. C. 90 his name occurs as one of the lieutenants of L. Julius Caesar in the Marsic war: and it appears that after the defeat of the consul by Vettius Cato, Marcellus threw himself, with a body of troops, into the strong fortress of Aesernia in Samnium, where he held out for a considerable time, but was at length compelled to surrender for want of provisions. (Appian, App. BC 1.40, 41; Liv. Epit. lxxiii.) It is doubtless from some circumstance connected with this siege that h
ected consul a third time for the year B. C. 103; but since they did not make their appearance even during the latter year, the Romans began to recover a little from their panic, and several candidates of distinction offered themselves for the consulship. Under these circumstances Marius repaired to Rome, where he gained over L. Saturninus, the most popular of the tribunes, who persuaded the people to confer the consulship upon Marius again, who was accordingly elected for the fourth time (B. C. 102), although, to save appearaces, he pretended to be anxious to be released from the honour. And fortunate was it for Rome that the supreme command was still entrusted to him; for in this very year the long-expected barbarians at length arrived. The Cimbri, who had returned from Spain, united their forces with the Teutones, though where the latter people had been meantime is quite uncertain. It is, moreover, exceedingly difficult to make out clearly the movements of the different armies, sin
B. C. 133, and the abuse which he received from Scipio, according to the tale related by Cicero (Cic. de Orat. 2.66), may have been owing to the enmity between his father [see above, p. 1057b.] and Scipio, rather than to any demerits of his own. He was consul B. C. 113 with Cn. Papirius Carbo, and went to Macedonia to carry on war with the Thracians, whom he quickly subdued. He obtained a triumph in consequence in the same year and on the same day with his brother Marcus. He was censor in B. C. 102 with Metellus Numidicus ; and he exerted himself, along with his brother Lucius, to obtain the recall of Numidicus from banishment in B. C. 99. (Eutrop. 4.25; Tac. Germ. 37; Obsequ. 98; Vell. 2.8; Cic. post Red. in Sen. 15, post Red. ad Quir. 3.) The annexed coin was struck by order of this C. Metellus. The head of the obverse is that of Pallas, and the elephants drawing a triumphal car on the reverse, refer, like the reverse of the preceding coin, to the victory of the ancestor of L. Mete
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Metellus Numidicus (search)
ter were his feelings that he could not brook the sight of Marius, and accordingly left the army in charge of his legate P. Rutilius, who was to hand it over to Marius. On his arrival at Rome, Metellus was, contrary to his expectation, received with the utmost respect and applause. The people probably felt that injustice had been done him: he celebrated a splendid triumph in B. C. 107, received the honorary surname of Numidicus, and retired into private life, full of glory and honour. In B. C. 102 Metellus was censor with his cousin Metellus Caprarius. He attempted to expel from the senate L. Appuleius Saturninus and Servilius Glaucia, two of the greatest enemies of the aristocracy, but was prevented by the interposition of his colleague from carrying his design into effect. He refused to allow the name of L. Equitius, who pretended to be a son of Gracchus, to stand upon the list of citizens, notwithstanding the popular tumult which this refusal occasioned. Saturninus and his party
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
ot pay the taxes. Nerva published an edict that all persons in Sicily who were entitled to the benefit of the decree should come to Syracuse to make out their case. Above eight hundred persons thus recovered their freedom, but those who held persons in slavery, fearing that the matter would go further, prevailed on Nerva not to allow any further claims of freedom to be made, to which he assented, and a rising of the slaves was the consequence. This war lasted four years, and was ended by the proconsul Aquillius. The history of this rising is told circumstantially by Diodorus (xxxvi.; Excerpts by Photius, Phot. Bibl. 244). The praetor by treachery gained some advantage over the slaves, and the Roman troops after this success retired to their quarters. But the disturbance soon broke out, and it assumed the form of a regular war under Athenion. L. Licinius Lucullus, the father of Lucullus, the vanquisher of Mithridates, was sent in B. C. 102 to succeed Nerva in the government of Sicily.
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