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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), O. (search)
were 38 cubits in length (say, 57 feet). These were loaded with lead on the part inside of the rowlocks, so as to evenly balance. The scarcity of timber in Eastern lands had a great deal to do with the importance and peace of nations thereabouts. The possession of Lebanon and Bashan was not one of the least of the points in dispute between the two branches of the Macedonian Empire represented by the Seleucidae and the Ptolemies. These struggles fill up the time between the death of Alexander and the absorption of the country by the Romans, and form the history which was so remarkably portrayed in prophency by Daniel several hundred years before. See the 11th chapter of Daniel. While the fir-trees of Senir furnished the planks, and the cedars of Lebanon the masts, the oaks of Bashan contributed the oars of the famous galleys of Phoenicia. Being the great carriers of that day, and having direct dealings with Britain, India, Greece, Spain, Africa, and many ports whose names
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
reek name papuros, mentioned by Theophrastus, a contemporary of Aristotle and Alexander, was probably the Egyptian name of the reed with a Greek termination. It wasery of the use of the papyrus was an incident in the victorious expedition of Alexander of Macedon; this was not correct, but no doubt the expedition contributed to the West. Egyptian tombs show that it was used many ages before the time of Alexander, and, indeed, long prior to any authentic historical accounts of Greece; its lence, called the queen of roads. This was about ten years after the death of Alexander the Great. The time, however, when the streets of Rome were first paved cannis from the Sanscrit, which had ceased to be a spoken language in the time of Alexander of Macedon. Its metaphor has been diligently resolved by Klaproth, and, beinphrates and Tigris, from the earliest historic period down to the conquest by Alexander. The cuneiform evidently sprang from picture-writing, pictorial representa
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
style of tonsure. The Homeric heroes were bearded. The custom of letting the beard grow prevailed until the time of Alexander, when, according to Plutarch, in Lysander, and Athenaeus, the Greeks began to shave, and continued to do so until the time of Justinian. And this custom of shaving the beard originated in the age of Alexander, as Chrysippus tells us in the fourth book of his Treatise on the beautiful and on pleasure. And Diogenes, when he saw some one once whose chin was smoong been employed for war purposes. It seems probable, from the accounts, that they were employed against the forces of Alexander of Macedon at the farthest point of his Eastern advance. The first European author by whom they are mentioned is Mareck)17, 9, 1842 2,510.Smith23, 3, 1842 73,042.Rice and Leach7, 1, 1868 59,937.Albright and Burns27, 11, 1866 79,932.Alexander14, 7, 1868 32,837.Marshall (running-line halter)16, 7, 1861 59,316.Kendig30, 10, 1866 69,106.Lindeman24, 9, 1867 59
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
th fastened by a surcingle. The saddle of Alexander (320 B. C.) was without a tree or stirrups; 12, 1855. 13,065SingerMar. 15, 1855. 16,518AlexanderFeb. 3, 1857. 17,825BartholfJuly 21, 1857. 13, 1873. 139,378EarleMay 27, 1873. 140,233AlexanderJune 24, 1873. 144,706SexauerNov. 18, 1873. 7, 1872. 128,825ThomasJuly 9, 1872. 136,354AlexanderMar. 4, 1873. 136,355AlexanderMar. 4, 1873. AlexanderMar. 4, 1873. 140,012ChaffeeJune 17, 1873. 150,059LaphamApr. 21, 1874. 152,662ManningJune 30, 1874. 154,173Daen, etc. The speaking-trumpet was used by Alexander the Great, 235 B. C. Tradition long reportedn the Vatican Library as having been used by Alexander the Great to assemble his army, at a distanceawater, is to be found in the commentary of Alexander of Aphrodisias in Caria, to Aristotle de Metofer, Hist. de la Chimie, I. 325. Although Alexander of Aphrodisias, properly speaking, only desct is by Nearchus, who conducted the fleet of Alexander down the Indus. He speaks of the sugar-cane[5 more...]
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
ll-tent,Marquee,Sibley-tent, Hospital-tent,Shelter-tent,Wall-tent, etc. The tent of Achilles was a wooden hut covered with reeds. Such were sometimes used by the Romans in winter. On the Trajan and Antonine columns are four-square tents with slanting roofs, and also conical tents. They were sometimes of leather, usually of cloth. Nero had an octagon tent of great beauty. The Oriental tents were of silk, and gorgeously furnished. That of Attila was very spacious and magnificent. Alexander placed 200 persons in one pavilion. 2. (Photography.) An instrument for fieldpho-tography; a substitute for the usual dark room. As shown in the example, it consists of a box provided with a yellow glass window in front, and furnished with drapery at the back, so as to cover the operator and prevent access of light to the interior. It is usually provided with shelves and racks inside, developing-tray, and a vessel of water a overhead, having an elastic tube passing to the inside,
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), U. (search)
the first recognition of which is usually ascribed to Gassendi, was not even yet conjectured by William Gilbert; but at an earlier period Acosta, from the information of Portuguese navigators, assumed four lines of no declination upon the surface of the globe. Hardly had the inclinometer, or dipping-needle, been invented in England by Robert Norman, in 1576, than Gilbert boasted that by means of this instrument he could determine the position of a ship in a dark and starless night. Pope Alexander VI adopted the line of no variation discovered by Columbus 100 miles west of the Azores, as the easterly limit of the papal grant to the Spaniards, May, 1493. He was not aware, no blame to him, that the line was slowly moving east, and would soon be far removed from its first-observed position. It was reserved for a future age to show the incorrectness of the then received opinion that magnetism is an effluvium issuing forth from the root of the tail of the Little Bear. Halley, in 1
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), Y. (search)
and were a peculiar breed belonging to the king. The Greeks captured them from Xerxes after the defeat at Salamis. The curious yoke over the withers of the Russian horses is probably a survival of an old type. Oxen (1000 B. C.) were yoked by the horns in Greece (Homer). Ox-yokes (ancient Egypt). A knotted thong secured the yoke to the pole of the chariot of Gordius, king of Phrygia. It was a complicated tie, and formed the famous Gordian knot which was cut asunder by the sword of Alexander; his favorite mode of solving a difficulty. Varro (50 B. C.) recommends that in breaking oxen their necks should be put between forked stakes, one for each bullock, and be gentled while thus fastened by hand-feeding. Then join an unbroken one with a veteran ; load light at first. Virgil says, begin with them when calves. They were yoken by the horns or neck, the latter being preferred by the writers of the day. Cheetah-cart. Columella (50 B. C.) condemns yoking by the horns,
Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume 18. (ed. Reverend J. William Jones), Southern Historical Society Papers. (search)
ieutenant, William S. Long. Not given. Junior Second Lieutenant, Kenneth Thigpen. September 7, 1861. Co. B—Captain, Lewis S. Williams. Not given. First Lieutenant William A. Owens. Not given. Second Lieutenant William P. Hill. October 18, 1858. Junior Second Lieutenant, Thomas D. Gillespie. April 16, 1861. Co. C—Captain, E. A. Ross. February 1, 1861. First Lieutenant, E. B. Cohen. February 1, 1861. Second Lieutenant, T. B. Trotter. February 1, 1861. Junior Second Lieutenant, C. W. Alexander. February 1, 1861. Co. D—Captain, Richard J. Ashe. November 28, 1860. First Lieutenant, James R. Jennings. July 29, 1861. Second Lieutenant, Richard B. Saunders. November 28, 1860. Junior Second Lieutenant, Richardson Mallett. July 29, 1861. Co. E—Captain, William Wallis McDowell. April 27, 1861. First Lieutenant, Washington Morrison Hardy. April 27, 1861. Second Lieutenant, George Henry Gregory. April 27, 1861. Junior Second Lieutenant, James Alfred Patton. April 27, 1861.
Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume 18. (ed. Reverend J. William Jones), chapter 3 (search)
t bright land was darkened with the black pall of despair and that grand cause crushed to earth by the weight of a host in arms well-nigh a million strong, he returned that sword to its scabbard as pure and stainless as when it first flashed in the face of the foe. This is neither the time nor the occasion, were I competent for the task, by close analysis of his character and deeds, to approximate the place of Lee in the Pantheon of the great. As a soldier he must yield precedence to Alexander, and Caesar, and Frederick, and Napoleon; but he was nevertheless a great captain, and as an accomplished English critic has written, In strategy mighty, in battle terrible, in adversity, as in prosperity, a hero, indeed. The bloody battles before Richmond, when, like a lion springing from his lair, he took the offensive, and hurling his army like a thunder-bolt on the legion of McClellan, he defeated him at Cold Harbor and drove him to refuge at Harrison's Landing, proves the truth of
Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume 18. (ed. Reverend J. William Jones), chapter 18 (search)
t at the muzzle of the enemy's guns. Major Pyron was also in the thickest of the fray, and contributed much by his example to the success of the charge, as did also Lieutenant Ochiltree, of the General's staff. There were others there whom I now regret my inability to name. Where all, both officers and men, behaved so well, it is impossible to say who was most deserving of praise. The enemy retired across the river and were in full retreat. When Major Raguet, Captains Sheennan, Adair, Alexander, Buckholts, and Lieutenant Thurman reached the field with their companies, mounted, I asked and obtained permission from Colonel Green to cross the river with these companies to pursue the flying foe. When the head of the column reached the opposite shore we were ordered to return. Night closed in on the hard-won field of Val Verde. This brilliant victory, which, next to heaven, we owe to the heroic endurance and unfaltering courage of our volunteer soldiery, was not won without loss.
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