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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), O. (search)
e Greek model at Aquisgrana, the modern Aix-la-Chapelle. Several German organs were placed in Italian churches by John VIII., 872-882. About 951, the abbey of Malmesbury and the cathedral of Winchester in England were provided with organs. At this time and for two centuries later, the compass was small, usually from 9 to 11 notes, the brass pipes harsh in tone and the machinery clumsy; the keys being 4 or 5 inches broad, and struck by the fist. Gerbert of Auvergne, in his school at Rheims, had an organ played by steam. He was afterward made Pope by the Emperor Otho III., assuming the name of Sylvester II. He and his patron were poisoned by Italian intriguers about 1002. Gerbert introduced the Arabic numerals into Europe. The organ of Winchester, probably placed there by St. Dunstan, had 26 pairs of bellows, 400 pipes, and required 70 men to work it. The key-board is distinctly described at the close of the eleventh century. At this time a number of small bellows, 20
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
as the eleventh century; the clock which struck the hours, referred to by Dante (1265-1321); the clock in the old Palace Yard, London, put up about 1288 and remaining till the time of Elizabeth; the clock made by William of Wallingford in the reign of Richard II. （1377-85). Ebn Junis, of the University of Cordova, invented the timemeasuring pendulum, and his friend and fellow-philosopher, Gerbert, invented the escapement, as it is believed. Gerbert became, successively, schoolmaster at Rheims (where he had a clock), Archbishop of Ravenna, and Pope Sylvester II. He died by poison in 1002. So did his patron, Otho III., about the same time. An oscillating arm was substituted for the fly, probably in the fourteenth century. The clock of Henry de Wyck, erected in 1364, for Charles V. of France, was regulated by an alternating balance (a, Fig. 3628) which was formed by suspending two heavy weights from a horizontal bar fixed at right angles to an upright arbor, and the movement
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
good man was after, or that anything of note resulted, unless the report be true that he was only annoying the orator Zeno, who lived next door, and there practiced his studied harangues. Crane at Middlesborough docks, England. Gerbert of Rheims, A. D. 1000, had an organ played by steam; probably a blast of steam as a substitute for air; not an engine. As Europe emerged from the transition period, called the Middle Ages, Italy took the lead in arts and sciences, as the names of Leonardlt containing from 15 to 33 per cent of potash. In the great wool-growing districts of France, establishments have been formed for extracting the potash from the washings of the wool, which are purchased from the woolgrower for that purpose. At Rheims and Elboeuf, the quantity of wool washed is nearly 60,000,000 lbs. annually, which it is estimated should yield 3,000,000 lbs. potash. Sul′ky. A light twowheeled vehicle, having a seat for a single occupant, used as a pleasurecar-riage and
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
odes of throwing the current into waves either with or without a battery. Tel′e-scope. An instrument for magnifying distant objects, so as to make them appear comparatively near. Gerbert of Auvergne, who taught astronomy in his school at Rheims, observed the stars through a tube, A. D. 1000. He derived it from his tutors at Cordova, and they, no doubt, from the Alexandrian savans. In both places, celestial observations were made through long tubes with object and ocular diopters at thr episode, in Moore's Paradise and the Peri. His conquest, wherein, as Moore says, he Choked up with the glittering wrecks Of golden shrines the sacred waters, occurred A. D. 1000, about the time that Gerbert of Auvergne, the schoolmaster of Rheims, was introducing the civilization of the Spanish Saracens into France and Italy. The passion for glazed tiles extended from India and Ispahan to Spain, from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries. The palace of the Alhambra at Granada, t
Wendell Phillips, Theodore C. Pease, Speeches, Lectures and Letters of Wendell Phillips: Volume 2, The foundation of the labor movement (1871） (search)
if you would only give us bread and houses, fair pay and leisure, and opportunities to travel. We could sit and discuss the question for the next fifty years. It's a very easy thing to discuss, for a gentleman in his study, with no anxiety about to-morrow. Why, the ladies and gentlemen of the reign of Louis XV. and Louis XVI., in France, seated in gilded saloons and on Persian carpets, surrounded with luxury, with the products of India, and the curious manufactures of ingenious Lyons and Rheims, discussed the rights of man, and balanced them in dainty phrases, and expressed them in such quaint generalizations that Jefferson borrowed the Declaration of Independence from their hands. There they sat, balancing and discussing sweetly, making out new theories, and daily erecting a splendid architecture of debate, till the angry crowd broke open the doors, and ended the discussion in blood. They waited too long, discussed about half a century too long. You see, discussion is very good
Edward L. Pierce, Memoir and letters of Charles Sumner: volume 3, Chapter 41: search for health.—journey to Europe.—continued disability.—1857-1858. (search)
d arrived at my old lodgings at six o'clock; in the evening saw my friends, Hamilton Fish and family, just arrived from New York. August 17. Visited M. Vattemare, also the Genevieve Library, which is open to the public; dined with the Fishes at the table d'hote of Meurice's Hotel. The summary of Sumner's diary for the month is as follows: Leaving Paris August 19, he stopped a few hours at Meaux, where he visited the cathedral, the palace, and the garden of Bossuet; passed one night at Rheims, another at Strasburg, and a day at Baden-Baden, where Mr. C. A. Bristed of New York, then renting a villa near the town, drove him in the neighborhood, and up to the Alte Schloss. Next he went to Basle, Berne, Thun, Interlachen, the Lake of Brienz, the Brunig Pass, Alpnach, and to Lucerne, where he met his old friend Theodore S. Fay, whom he had been disappointed in not finding at Berne, and the two recalled earlier days in long conversations. Then, after a day of the grandest scenery bet
The Daily Dispatch: October 8, 1863., [Electronic resource], Heavy damages. (search)
Heavy damages. --A rather curious trial, interesting to consumers of champagne, has just come off before the tribunal of correctional police at Rheims. Two wine merchants and a cooper were accused of having counterfeited the mark of the house of Veuve Clicquot, Ponsandin, and placed it on wines of their own, which they sold as proceeding from the Clicquot cellars, and which, it appears, has been seized in the Victoria Docks in consequence of legal proceedings taken at heavy cost by the house of Clicquot, a name rendered famous by its application by certain English jokers to the late King of Prussia. The Rheims tribunal has sentenced the three offenders to pay £1,200 damages; also, to replace, by unmarked corks, those in the bottles now in the docks, to bear all the charges the complainants can prove they have incurred in the prosecution, and finally to advertise the sentence in the Times, the Moniteur, the Gazette des Tribunaux, and four other French papers. Moreover, for frau
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