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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Epicharmus (search)
the express and concurrent testimonies of the anonymous writer On Comedy (p. xxviii.), that he flourished about the 73rd Olympiad, and of Suidas (s. v.), that he wrote six years before the Persian war (B. C. 485-4). Thus it appears that, like Cratinus, he was an old man before he began to write comedy; and this agrees well with the fact that his poetry was of a very philosophic character. (Anon. de Com. l.c.) The only one of his plays, the date of which is certainly known, is the *Na=soi, B. C. 477. (Schol. Pind. Pyth. 1.98; Clinton, sub ann.) We have also express testimony of the fact that Elothales, the father of Epicharmus, formed an acquaintance with Pythagoras, and that Epicharmus himself was a pupil of that great philosopher. (Diog. Laert. l.c.; Suid. s.v. Plut. Numa, 8.) We may therefore consider the life of Epicharmus as divisible into two parts, namely, his life at Megara up to B. C. 484, during which he was engaged in the study of philosophy, both physical and metaphysical,
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
was from the Fabia gens that one of the Roman tribes derived its name, as the Claudia, in later times, was named after the Claudia gens. The Fabii do not act a prominent part in history till after the establishment of the commonwealth; and three brothers belonging to the gens are said to have been invested with seven successive consulships, from B. C. 485 to 479. The house derived its greatest lustre from the patriotic courage and tragic fate of the 306 Fabii in the battle on the Cremera, B. C. 477. [VIBULANUS, No. 3.] But the Fabii were not distinguished as warriors alone: several members of the gens act an important part also in the history of Roman literature and of the arts. The name occurs as late as the second century after the Christian aera. The family-names of this gens under the republic are:--AMBUSTUS, BUTEO, DORSO, LABEO, LICINUS, MAXIMUS (with the agnomens Aemilianus, Allobrogicus, Eburnus, Gurges, Rullianus, Servilianus, Verrucosus), PICTOR, and VMULANUS. The other cogn
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Go'ngylus (search)
Go'ngylus （*Goggu/los). 1. Of Eretria, was the agent by whose means Pausanias entered into communication with Xerxes, B. C. 477. To his charge Pausanias entrusted Byzantium after its recapture, and the Persian prisoners who were there taken, and who, by his agency, were now allowed to escape, and (apparently in their company) he also himself went to Xerxes, taking with him the remarkable letter from Pausanias, in which he proposed to put the Persian king in possession of Sparta and all Greece, in return for marriage with his daughter. (Thuc. 1.129; Diod. 11.44; Nepos. Paus. 2.) Xenophon, on his arrival in Mysia with the Cyrean soldiers (B. C. 399), found Hellas, the widow of this Gongylus, living at Pergamus. She entertained him, and, by her direction, he attacked the castle of Asidates, a neighboring Persian noble. She had borne her husband two sons, Gorgion, and another Gongylus, the latter of whom, on finding Xenophon endangered in his attempt, went out, against his mother's w
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Harmo'dius (search)
the Academy. Their statues, made of bronze by Antenor, were set up in the Agora in the inner Cerameicus, near the temple of Ares, in B. C. 509, the year after the expulsion of Hippias and this, according to Aristotle and Pliny, was the first instance of such an honour publicly conferred at Athens, Conon being the next, as Demosthenes tells us, who had a bronze statue raised to him. When Xerxes took the city, he carried these statues away, and new ones, the work of CRITIAS, were erected in B. C. 477. The original statues were afterwards sent back to the Athenians from Susa, according to Pausanias by Antiochus, according to Valerius Maximus by Seleucus, but, as we may believe, on the testimony of Arrian and Pliny, by Alexander the Great. We learn, finally, from Diodorus, that when the Athenians were anxious to pay the highest honours in their power to Antigonus and Demetrius Poliorcetes, in B. C. 307, they placed their statues near those of Harmodius and Aristogeiton. (Paus. 1.8; Arist
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Lana'tus (search)
Lana'tus 2. T. Menenius Agrippae F. C. N. LANATUS, son of the preceding, was consul in B. C. 477 with C. Horatius Pulvillus. It was during this year that the Fabii were cut off by the Etruscans at Cremera, and T. Lanatus, who was encamped only a short way off at the time, allowed them to be destroyed in accordance with the wishes of the ruling party in the senate. He paid, however, dearly for this act of treachery. The Etruscans flushed with victory defeated his army, and took possession of the Janiculus: and in the following year the tribunes brought him to trial for having neglected to assist the Fabii. As they did not wish for the blood of the son of their great benefactor, the punishment was to be only a fine of 2000 asses. Lanatus was condemned; and he took his punishment so much to heart, that he shut himself up in his house and died of grief. (Liv. 2.51, 52; Dionys. A. R. 9.18-27; Diod. 11.53; Gel. 17.21.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pausa'nias (search)
Ellh/nwn a)rxhgo/s e)pei\ strato\n w)/lese *Mh/dwn, *Pausani/as *Foi/bw| mnh=m' a)ne/qhke to/de. The inscription was afterwards obliterated by the Lacedaemonians, and the names of the states which joined in effecting the overthrow of the barbarian substituted (Thuc. 1.132; Dem. in Neaeram, p. 1378, ed. Reiske; Corn. Nepos, Paus. 1 ; Hdt. 8.82). Simonides, with whom Pausanias seems to have been on terms of intimacy (Aelian, Ael. VH 9.41), was the composer of the elegy. (Paus. 3.8.2.) In B. C. 477 (see the discussion by Clinton On the Athenian Empire, Fasti Hellen. vol. ii. p. 248, &c.) the confederate Greeks sent out a fleet under the command of Pausanias, to follow up their success by driving the Persians completely out of Europe and the islands. Cyprus was first attacked, and the greater part of it subdued. From Cyprus Pausanias sailed to Byzantium, and captured the city (Thuc. 1.94). It was probably as a memorial of this conquest that he dedicated to Poseidon in a temple on the
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Phei'dias (search)
is made by Pausanias a contemporary of Onatas, and of Ageladas (of whom we shall presently have to speak), and is expressly mentioned by Lucian, in connection with two other artists, Critios and Nesiotes, as Th=s palaia=s e)rgasi/as, while Pliny, in his loose way, makes him, and Alcamenes, and Critics and Nesiotes, all rivals of Pheidias in Ol. 84, B. C. 444 [HEGIAS]. Of the artists, whose names are thus added to those first mentioned, we know that Critios and Nesiotes executed works about B. C. 477 [CRITIOS]; and Onatas, who was contemporary with Polygnotus, was reckoned as a Daedaliani artist, and clearly belonged to the archaic school, wrought, with Calamis, in B. C. 467, and probably flourished as late as late as B. C. 460. Calamis, though contemporary with Onatas, seems to have been younger, and his name (as the above citations show) marks the introduction of a less rigid style of art [CALAMSIS * It is, however, far from certain that the statue of Apollo Alexicacos by Calamis, at
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pto'lichus (search)
Pto'lichus 2. Of Corcyra, the pupil of Critios of Athens (Paus. 6.3.2. s. 5). Pausanias does not mention any work of his, but merely gives his name as one of the following artistic genealogy of teachers and pupils: Critios of Athens, Ptolichus, Amphion, Pison of Calauria, Damocritus of Sicyon. As Critios flourished chiefly about Ol. 75, B. C. 477, we may place Ptolichus about Ol. 83, B. C. 448. He was therefore a contemporary of Pheidias. [P.S]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pulvillus (search)
Pulvillus 2. C. Horatius Pulvillus, M. F. M. N., said to be a son of No. 1, was consul, B. C. 477, with T. Menenius Lanatus. He was sent to carry on the war against the Volsci, but was recalled to oppose the Etruscans, who had taken possession of the Janiculum and crossed the Tiber, after gaining two victories, first over the Fabii at the Cremera, and subsequently over the consul Menenius. In the first battle, which Horatius fought with the Etruscans near the temple of Hope, neither party gained any advantage; but in the second, which took place at the Colline gate, the Romans were slightly the superior. (Liv. 2.51; Dionys. A. R. 9.18, &c.; Diod. 11.53; Gel. 17.21, where he is erroneously called Marcus instead of Caius.) Horatius was consul a second time twenty years afterwards, in B. C. 457, with Q. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus. He carried on war against the Aequi, whom he defeated, and destroyed Corbio. He died B. C. 453, of the pestilence, which carried off many distinguished men
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Simo'nides (search)
a xrh=ma h)=n o( lo/gos sou, e)gw\ de\ u(p) a)noi/as ou)de\n au)to\n f)/mhn ei)=nai (Plutarch, Consol. ad Apollon. p. 105a; Aelian, Ael. VH 9.41). The story certainly bears a very suspicious likeness to the well-known tale of Croesus and Solon. Silmonides had completed his eightieth year, when his long poetical career at Athens was crowned by the victory which he gained with the dithyrambic chorus, in the archonship of Adeimantus, two years later than the battle of Plataeae (Ol. 75. 3/4, B. C. 477), being the fifty-sixth prize which he had carried off (Epig. 203, 204). It must have been shortly after this that he was invited to Syracuse by Hiero, at whose court he lived till his death in B. C. 467. On his way to Sicily he appears to have visited Magna Graecia, and at Tarentum he is said to have been a second time miraculously preserved from destruction as the reward of his piety (Liban. vol. iv. p. 1101, Reiske; Epig. 183, 184). He served Hiero by his wisdom as well as by his art,
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