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Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome 1 1 Browse Search
M. W. MacCallum, Shakespeare's Roman Plays and their Background 1 1 Browse Search
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Edward Porter Alexander, Military memoirs of a Confederate: a critical narrative, Chapter 17: Gettysburg: second day (search)
ping these of infantry and marching fresh divisions to concentrate upon Hood and McLaws, and the three brigades of Wilcox, Perry, and Wright, which had supported them. But when these had carried the lines in their front (Carr's, Brewster's, and Burling's brigades of the 3d corps), Hancock had brought up Harrow's and Hall's brigades of Gibbon's division; and Willard's of Hays's division. One at a time, the three Confederate brigades were driven back with losses, already stated, amounting to 1565 men. The six Federal brigades had lost as follows: Harrow's, 768; Hall's, 377; Willard's, 714, Willard being killed; Carr's, 790; Brewster's, 778; Burling's, 513; total, 3940. The Federal losses stated are from the official returns which include the losses of all three days, but most of the brigades mentioned suffered the greater part of their losses during the afternoon of the 2d. It would be tedious to attempt to follow the artillery reenforcements which came to the aid of Sickles's
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Biard, Peter, 1565-1622 (search)
Biard, Peter, 1565-1622 Missionary; born in Grenoble, France, in 1565; came to America as a missionary priest of the Jesuits in 1611(; ascended the Kennebec River, and made friends with the natives in 1612; went up the Penobscot River and started a mission among the natives there in the following year; and soon afterwards founded a colony on \Mount Desert Island, which was destroyed by Samuel, Argall (q. v.). In this attack by the English Biard was taken prisoner, and the act was one of the1565; came to America as a missionary priest of the Jesuits in 1611(; ascended the Kennebec River, and made friends with the natives in 1612; went up the Penobscot River and started a mission among the natives there in the following year; and soon afterwards founded a colony on \Mount Desert Island, which was destroyed by Samuel, Argall (q. v.). In this attack by the English Biard was taken prisoner, and the act was one of the earliest causes of the hostilities between the colonists in America from France and England. Father Biard was author of Relations de la nouvelle France, which was the first work in the historical series known as the Jesuit relations. He died in France in 1622.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Canonicus (search)
Canonicus Indian chief; king of the Narragansets; born about 1565. He was at first unwilling to be friendly with the Pilgrims at New Plymouth. To show his contempt and defiance of the English, he sent a message to Governor Bradford with a bundle of arrows in a rattlesnake's skin. That was at the dead of winter, 1622. It was a challenge to engage in war in the spring. Like the venomous serpent that wore the skin, the symbol of hostility gave warning before the blow should be struck—a virtue seldom exercised by the Indians. Bradford acted wisely. He accepted the challenge by sending the significant quiver back filled with gunpowder and shot. What can these things be? inquired the ignorant and curious savage mind, as the ammunition was carried from village to village, in superstitious awe, as objects of evil omen. They had heard of the great guns at the sea-side, and they dared not keep the mysterious symbols of the governor's anger, but sent them back to Plymouth as token
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Colonial settlements. (search)
Colonial settlements. Settlements were made, as productive germs of colonies, in the following order of time: St. Augustine, Fla., was settled by Spaniards, under Menendez, 1565, and is the oldest settlement by Europeans within the domain of the United States. It was permanently occupied by the Spaniards, excepting for a few years, until Florida passed from their control (see Florida and St. Augustine). Virginia was first settled by the English temporarily (see Raleigh, Sir Walter). The first permanent settlement was made by them in 1607, under the auspices of London merchants, who that year sent five ships, with a colony, to settle on Roanoke Island. Storms drove them into the entrance to Chesapeake Bay, when they ascended the Powhatan River 50 miles, landed, and built a hamlet, which they called Jamestown. The stream they named James River—both in compliment to their King. After various vicissitudes, the settlement flourished, and, in 1619, the first representative Assembly
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Florida, (search)
e fort Melendez reared a cross with this inscription: Not as to Frenchmen, but as Lutherans. When the news of the massacre reached France, Dominic de Gourges determined to avenge the same, and with 150 men sailed for Florida, captured the fort on the St. John's River, and hanged the entire garrison, having affixed this inscription above them: Not as to Spaniards, but as murderers. Being too weak to attack St. Augustine, Gourges returned to France. The city of St. Augustine was founded in 1565, and was captured by Sir Francis Drake in 1586. The domain of Florida, in those times, extended indefinitely westward, and included Louisiana. La Salle visited the western portion in 1682, and in 1696 Pensacola was settled by Spaniards. At the beginning of the eighteenth century the English in the Carolinas attacked the Spaniards at St. Augustine; and, subsequently, the Georgians, under Oglethorpe, made war upon them. By the treaty of Paris, in 1763, Florida was exchanged by the Spaniar
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Gorges, Sir Ferdinando 1565-1647 (search)
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando 1565-1647 Colonial proprietor; born in Ashton Phillips, Somerset, England, about 1565; was associated with the courtiers of Queen Elizabeth; was engaged in the conspiracy of the Earl of Essex against the Queen's council (1600) ; and testified against him at his trial for treason (1601). Having served in the royal navy with distinction, he was appointed governor of Plymouth in 1604. A friend of Raleigh, he became imbued with that great man's desire to plant a colony i1565; was associated with the courtiers of Queen Elizabeth; was engaged in the conspiracy of the Earl of Essex against the Queen's council (1600) ; and testified against him at his trial for treason (1601). Having served in the royal navy with distinction, he was appointed governor of Plymouth in 1604. A friend of Raleigh, he became imbued with that great man's desire to plant a colony in America, and when Captain Weymouth returned from the New England coast (1605), and brought captive natives with him, Gorges took three of them into his own home, from whom, after instructing them in the English language, he gained much information about their country. Gorges now became chiefly instrumental in forming the Plymouth Company (q. v.), to settle western Virginia, and from that time he was a very active member, defending its rights before Parliament, and stimulating by his own zeal
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Menendez de Aviles, Pedro 1519- (search)
Menendez de Aviles, Pedro 1519- Naval officer; born in Aviles, Spain, in 1519; entered the Spanish naval service in his youth. After successfully battling with French corsairs, Philip II. of Spain appointed him captain-general of the India fleet. Menendez carried that monarch to England to marry Queen Mary, and took him back on his return. In 1565 Philip made him governor of Florida; and just before he was to depart the King was informed of the Huguenot settlement there, and fitted out an expedition for their destruction. Menendez sailed with thirty-four vessels, bearing 2,600 persons—farmers, mechanics, soldiers, and priests. Arriving at Porto Rico with a small part of his force, Menendez heard of the reinforcements Ribault had taken to Florida, and he immediately went to the mouth of the St. John with Philip's cruel order to murder all the Huguenots. Failing to catch the French fleet that escaped from the St. John, Menendez landed farther southward, built a fort, and fou
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Newport, Christopher 1565- (search)
Newport, Christopher 1565- Navigator; born in England about 1565; commanded the first successful expedition for the settlement of Virginia, landing, April 30, 1607, at a place which he named Point Comfort because of his escape from a severe storm. On May 13 he arrived at Jamestown. He had been engaged in an expedition against the Spaniards in the West Indies not long before. He made several voyages to Virginia with emigrants and supplies. Before he returned to England for the last time 1565; commanded the first successful expedition for the settlement of Virginia, landing, April 30, 1607, at a place which he named Point Comfort because of his escape from a severe storm. On May 13 he arrived at Jamestown. He had been engaged in an expedition against the Spaniards in the West Indies not long before. He made several voyages to Virginia with emigrants and supplies. Before he returned to England for the last time he joined with Ratcliffe in an attempt to depose Captain Smith from the presidency of the colony. He was defeated, and acknowledged his error. Newport's manuscript work, called Discoveries in America, was published in 1860, by Edward Everett Hale, in Archaeologia Americana.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Ribault, Jean 1520- (search)
Ribault, Jean 1520- Navigator; born in Dieppe, France, in 1520; first appeared in history as commander of Coligni's expedition to America in 1562. Returning for supplies, he was detained by civil war until the spring of 1565, when Coligni sent him with five ships to Florida, where he succeeded Laudonniere as commander-inchief. He had just arrived, when five Spanish vessels appeared, under Don Pedro Menendez de Aviles, whose name and object were demanded. I am Menendez, he said, and declared he was sent to destroy all Protestants he could find. Ribault had been advised of the expedition of Menendez before his departure from France. Just as he was departing from Dieppe he was handed a letter from Coligni, in which the admiral had written a postscript, saying, While closing this letter I have received certain advice that Don Pedro Menendez is about to depart from Spain to the coast of Florida. You will take care not to suffer him to encroach upon us, any more than he would that
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), St. Augustine, (search)
St. Augustine, A city in Florida; founded by Menendez in 1565; population in 1900, 4,272. When Menendez gave up the chase of the Frenchmen under Ribault (see Huguenots), he turned back towards the Florida coasts, entered an estuary in a boat manned by six oarsmen, leaving his large flag-ship at anchor outside, and, accompanied by his chaplain, Mendoza, and followed by other boats filled with gentlemen and ecclesiastics, he went ashore,. while trumpets sounded, drums beat, cannons thundered, and flags waved. The chaplain walked at head of the procession, bearing a large cross and chanting a hymn. Menendez followed with his train, and carrying in his own hand the standard of spain unfurled. Mendoza, arrayed in rich sacerdotal garments, kissed the cross, and then planted it in the sand by the side of the staff that upheld the royal standard, and against which leaned a shield bearing the arms of Spain. Then, after all had done homage to the priest, Menendez took formal possession
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