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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Juarez, Benito Pablo 1806- (search)
Juarez, Benito Pablo 1806- Statesman; born in San Pablo Guelatao. Oaxaca, Mexico, March 21, 1806; was descended from the ancient Indian race. Well educated, he gained distinction as a lawyer. He was a legislator, and was governor of his native state from 1848 to 1852. Banished by Santa Ana in 1853, he lived in New Orleans until 1855, when he returned, and became minister of justice. Experiencing the vicissitudes of public life in that country, he was elected President of Mexico in June, 1861. Then came the French usurpation and the short-lived empire of Ferdinand Maximilian (q. v.). He defeated the imperial forces in 1867 and caused the Emperor to be shot. In October Juarez was re-elected President, and for five years Mexico was distracted by revolutions. Peace was restored in 1872, but Juarez, then President, worn down with perplexities, died of apoplexy in the city of Mexico, July 18 of that year.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Mexico, War with (search)
already surrendered to the Americans (Nov. 14), and that Santa Ana was collecting a large force at San Luis Potosi, returnedo oppose 20,000, then gathering at San Luis Potosi, under Santa Ana. Taylor and Wool united their forces, Feb. 4, 1847, on thiggs, began its march for the capital, by way of Jalapa. Santa Ana had advanced, with 12,000 men, to meet the invaders, andd the same day. The heights of Churubusco were attacked. Santa Ana advanced, and soon the whole region became one great battle-field. Churubusco was taken, and Santa Ana fled towards the capital. A Mexican army, 30,000 strong, had in a single day 21, only 7 miles from the city, he met a deputation from Santa Ana to ask for an armistice, preparatory to negotiations for vanced upon the city. Less than 4,000 Americans attacked Santa Ana with 14,000 Mexicans, Sept. 8, at Molino del Rey (the Kinpursued by the Americans to the very gates. That night Santa Ana and his troops, with the civil officers, fled from the ci
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Paredes y Arrillaga, Mariano 1797- (search)
Paredes y Arrillaga, Mariano 1797- Military officer; born in Mexico City in 1797; became an active participant in the political events in Mexico in 1820. When, upon the annexation of Texas to the United States (1845), President Herrera endeavored to gain the acquiescence of the Mexicans to the measure, Paredes assisted him, and with 25,000 men defeated Santa Ana, who was banished. Afterwards Paredes, with the assistance of Arista, defeated Herrera, and was installed President of Mexico June 12, 1845. The next day he took command of the army, leaving civil affairs in the hands of Vice-President Bravo. He was at the head of the government on the breaking-out of war with the United States (May, 1846). When Santa Ana reappeared in Mexico, Paredes was seized and confined, but escaped to Havana. Going to Europe, lie sought to place a Spanish or French prince at the head of the Mexicans. He afterwards returned to Mexico City, where he died on Sept. 11, 1849.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Santa Ana, Antonio Lopez de 1798- (search)
Santa Ana, Antonio Lopez de 1798- Military officer; born in Jalapa, Mexico, Feb. 21, 1798; began his military career in 1821 in the revolution by which Mexico Antonio Lopez De Santa Ana. achieved its independence of Spain. Imperious, disobedient, and revengeful, he was dismissed from the service. A keen intriguer, he secured the overthrow of the existing government in Mexico in 1828. He was a brave and rather successful military leader, and led insurrection after insurrection, until ielection to the Presidency of the republic of Mexico. He was a favorite with the army, but unpopular with the natives. There were repeated insurrections during his administration, and, finally, discontents in Texas broke out into revolution. Santa Ana took the field in person against the revolutionists, but was finally defeated at San Jacinto and taken prisoner, when he was deposed from the Presidency. In taking part in defending Vera Cruz against the French in 1837 he was wounded and lost
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Taylor, Zachary 1784- (search)
two sharp battles with the Mexicans on Texas soil. He was then promoted to major-general. He entered Mexico May 18, 1846, and soon afterwards captured the stronghold of Monterey. He occupied strong positions, but remained quiet for some time, awaiting instructions from his government. Early in 1847 a requisition from General Scott deprived him of a large portion of his troops, and he was ordered to act on the defensive only. While so doing, with about 5,000 men, he was confronted by Santa Ana with 20,000. Taylor defeated and dispersed the Mexicans in a severe battle at Buena Vista, Feb. 23, 1847. During the remainder of the war the valley of the Rio Grande remained in the quiet possession of the Americans. In his campaign in Mexico he acquired the nickname of Old rough and ready, in allusion to the plainness of his personal appearance and deportment. On his return home, in November, 1847, he was greeted everywhere with demonstrations of warmest popular applause. In June,
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), State of Texas, (search)
n 1833 they held a convention, determined to separate Texas from Coahuila, prepared a State constitution, and requested Santa Ana, then at the head of the government of Mexico, to admit them as a separate State of the republic. Col. Stephen F. Austin (q. v.), representing the American colonists, went to Mexico, where Santa Ana detained him until 1835; during which time—keeping the Texans quiet by promises of compliance with their desires—he prepared to occupy the country with his troops. A cs, and on the 20th a declaration of independence was adopted, and issued at Goliad, by Capt. Philip Dimitt and others. Santa Ana, with a well-provided army of 7,500 men, set out for the recovery of Texas. He invested the Alamo (q. v.), a strong fo. It was garrisoned by about 170 men, under Capt W. B. Travis. The whole garrison was massacred (March 6) by order of Santa Ana—only one woman, a child, and a servant were saved. Remember the Alamo! was a Texan war-cry after that. The Mexicans <
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Travis, William Barrett 1811- (search)
1830 and began practice in Claiborne, Ala.; went to Texas about 1832 and later joined the Texas army and fought for the independence of that territory. With 140 men he defended Fort Alamo (the old mission station of San Antonio de Valerio) against 4,000 Mexicans, Feb. 23, 1836. The place was stoutly defended for ten days; numerous appeals were made for aid, but only thirty-two men succeeded in passing the Mexican lines. After frequent attacks had been repulsed with great slaughter a handto-hand fight occurred on March 6, in which the Texans were not overcome until only six of their number were left alive,. including Travis, David Crockett, and James Bowie. These surrendered after a promise of protection had been made, but when they were taken before Santa Ana, near San Antonio, on the same day he gave orders to cut them to pieces. Shortly afterwards, during the battle at San Jacinto, where the Mexicans met a bloody defeat, the battle cry was Remember the Alamo. See Alamo, Fort.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), United States of America. (search)
the Mississippi for $5,000,000......Dec. 29, 1835 Memorial presented to Congress praying for the abolition of slavery within the District of Columbia......Jan. 11, 1836 Texas declares her independence......March 2, 1836 Mexicans under Santa Ana capture the Alamo, San Antonio, Tex., and massacre the garrison. David Crockett killed here......March 6, 1836 Battle of San Jacinto, defeat of Santa Ana.......April 21, 1836 Mexico acknowledges independence of Texas......May 14, 1836 Santa Ana.......April 21, 1836 Mexico acknowledges independence of Texas......May 14, 1836 House resolves, by a vote of 117 to 68, that everything presented to that body in any way relating to slavery or its abolition shall be laid on the table without further action or notice......May 26, 1836 [This was the first of the gag rules of Congress.] Arkansas admitted as the twenty-fifth State......June 15, 1836 Act authorizing the different States to become depositories, in proportion to their respective representation, of the surplus funds in the United States treasury over $5,
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Texas, (search)
ependence adopted by a convention at Washington on the Brazos River......March 2, 1836 Alamo invested eleven days by Santa Ana; the garrison, under Colonel Travis, Bowie, and David Crockett, are overpowered and massacred......March 6, 1836 Mex J. W. Fannin and 415 men, captured at Coleto by the Mexicans under General Urrea, are taken to Goliad, and 330 shot by Santa Ana......Sunday, March 27, 1836 Colonel Ward retreats from Refugio, March 11; he surrenders his forces at Victoria, Marcthe Mexicans......April 20, 1836 Battle of San Jacinto; 750 Texans under General Houston defeat 1,600 Mexicans under Santa Ana, and capture him......April 21, 1836 Mexicans retreat beyond the frontier of Texas......April 24, 1836 Congress m, March; at Harrisburg, March; at Galveston, April 16; and at Velasco......May, 1836 Public and secret treaties with Santa Ana signed at Velasco......May 14, 1836 Gen. Sam Houston inaugurated as president of Texas at Columbia......Oct. 22, 183
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