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Fredericksburg, Va. (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 7
this time fordable at several points near Fredericksburg, and Sumner was exceedingly anxious to cro as occasion might require.—Lee: Report of Fredericksburg, p. 38. Hill on the 5th succeeded in drivi was easier than to make the passage below Fredericksburg, The Rappahannock below Fredericksburg judged that by making a direct crossing at Fredericksburg, he might surprise Lee thus divided. It wen promising. The passage of the river at Fredericksburg was made for a real attack. Burnside mighle range, whereas the plain in the rear of Fredericksburg, restricted in extent and cut up by ditcheeade's shattered line. Meade: Report of Fredericksburg. In addition to these two divisions, Generwing the enemy's line, which, like that at Fredericksburg, was manifestly impregnable, declined to to cross the Rappahannock seven miles below Fredericksburg, with a view to turn the Confederate positeral distinct points, both above and below Fredericksburg, and thus mask the real intent. According[60 more...]
Jackson (Mississippi, United States) (search for this): chapter 7
reet's corps was at Culpepper Courthouse, and Jackson's corps (with the exception of one division tg towards Fredericksburg was fully disclosed, Jackson's corps was directed on Orange Courthouse, an arrival at Falmouth. A few days afterwards, Jackson's corps also was called up to the Rappahannoc Hill remained at Port Royal, and the rest of Jackson's corps was so disposed as to support Hill orhe right of the Confederate line, was held by Jackson's corps; Stuart, with two brigades of cavalryis caused considerable loss to Hill, who held Jackson's advanced line; Hill's Report: Reports ofwithdrawn. The division of Hill which held Jackson's advanced line was thus disposed: the brigadction between his two wings, and behind which Jackson's second line was posted. The importance o Early's division—one of the two divisions of Jackson's second line—swept forward at the double-quiand four hundred and fifteen, and the Second (Jackson's) one thousand eight hundred and ninety-four
Massaponax Creek (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 7
e Rappahannock from six hundred yards to two miles, at which distance it rises into a bold ridge that forms a slight angle with the river, and is itself dominated by an elevated plateau. This ridge is, from Falmouth down to where it touches Massaponax Creek about six miles long, and this was the vantage-ground of the Confederates which they had strengthened with earthworks and crowned with artillery. In rear of the town the plain is traversed by a canal, at right angles with which run two roade town and clothed with dark pines and leafless oaks. This position, forming the right of the Confederate line, was held by Jackson's corps; Stuart, with two brigades of cavalry and his horse artillery, formed the extreme right extending to Massaponax Creek. Lee's Report: Reports of the Army of Northern Virginia, vol. i., p. 40. The nature of the ground manifestly indicated that the main attack should be made by Franklin on the left; for the field there affords ample space for deploymen
North Carolina (North Carolina, United States) (search for this): chapter 7
outh from Richmond, while the remainder will proceed to the investment or attack upon Richmond, according to circumstances. Whether the investment of Richmond leads to the destruction or capture of the enemy's army or not, it certainly will lead to the capture of the rebel capital, and the war will be on a better footing than it is now or has any present prospect of being. The troops available for the movement are: the Army of the Potomac, the troops in Florida, South Carolina, and North Carolina, with the exception of those necessary to hold the places now occupied, the regiments now in process of organization, and those who are on extra duty and furlough, deserters, and stragglers. The number of these last is enormous, and the most stringent measures must be taken to collect them—no excuse should be received for absence. Some of the troops in Western Virginia might also be detached. The transports should consist of ordinary steamers and large ferry-boats and barges. T
Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania, United States) (search for this): chapter 7
the First Corps under General Reynolds and the Sixth Corps under General W. F. Smith.—the Right Grand Division being placed under General Sumner, the Centre Grand Division under General Hooker, and the Left Grand Division under General Franklin. It need hardly be said that this protracted delay at the moment the army was manoeuvring to fight a great battle, however necessary General Burnside may have deemed it, In a like case, when the army was manoeuvring to meet Lee's invasion or Pennsylvania, General Meade being nominated to succeed General Hooker, put the troops in motion without an hour's delay—the columns moving on as if no change had taken place. There were no circumstances that made the task easier in his case than in that of Burnside. was likely seriously to jeopardize the opportunity presented by the scattered condition of Lee's forces when the army reached Warrenton. At that time the Confederate right, under Longstreet, was near Culpepper, and the left, under Jackso
The cause of all this could not be concealed; it was the lack of confidence in General Burnside—a sentiment that was universal throughout the army. Troops who have by experience learned what war is, become severe critics. It is a mistake to suppose that soldiers, and especially such soldiers as composed the American army, are lavish of their lives; they are chary of their lives, and are never what newspaper jargon constantly represented them to be—eager for the fray. The soldier, says Marmont, acquires the faculty of discriminating how and when he will be able, by offering his life as a sacrifice, to make the best possible use of it. But when the time comes that he discovers in his commander that which will make this rich offering vain, from that moment begin to work those malign influences that disintegrate and destroy the morale of armies. General Burnside had brought his army to that unhappy pass that, with much regard for his person and character, it distrusted and feared
e matter so much at heart that I put spurs to my horse, and rode over myself, and tried to dissuade General Burnside from making the attack. He insisted on its being done.—Hooker's testimony: Report on the Conduct of the War, vol. i., p. 668. Couch had already thrown forward two batteries to within one hundred and fifty yards of the enemy's works, and endeavored to make a breach large enough for the entrance of a forlorn hope. After a vigorous cannonading, without any perceptible effect, Humphrey's division was formed in column of assault and ordered in. They were directed to make the assault with empty muskets, for there was no time there to load and fire. Hooker: Report of Fredericksburg. When the word was given, the men moved forward with great impetuosity, and advanced to nearly the same point Hancock had previously reached, close up to the stone wall: they advanced, in fact, over a space the traversing of which by any column would result in the destruction of half its nu
e towards Warrenton, to have quickly recalled Burnside from his march towards Fredericksburg. The line of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad is the real defensive line for Washington; and experience has proved that a hostile force might always, by a mere menace directed against that line, compel the Union army to seek its recovery. General Lee either felt himself to be not in condition to attempt any offensive enterprise at this time, or he was prevented from doing so by instructions from Richmond; for he adopted the less brilliant alternative of planting himself directly in the path of the Union army. It is not always by taking position in the direct path of an enemy that his advance is opposed; but sometimes points may be occupied on the flank with much advantage, so as to threaten his line of operations, if he ventures to pass.—Dufour: Strategy and Tactics, p. 41. So soon as Burnside's intention of moving towards Fredericksburg was fully disclosed, Jackson's corps was directed on
W. H. Halleck (search for this): chapter 7
project of changing the line of operations to Fredericksburg was not approved at Washington, but it was assented to; Halleck: Report of Military Operations, 1862-3. and on the 15th of November, General Burnside put his columns in motion from War the means of making the crossing; for by a blunder, the responsibility of which seems to be divided equally between General Halleck and General Burnside himself, no pontoon-train had reached the army; and when, a week afterwards, it arrived, Lee's wledge. The loss on the Union side was twelve thousand three hundred and twenty-one, killed, wounded, and missing; Halleck: Report of Military Operations for 1863. General Halleck adds that a good many of the Union missing afterwards turned upGeneral Halleck adds that a good many of the Union missing afterwards turned up. and on the part of the Confederates, it was five thousand three hundred and nine, killed, wounded, and missing. This aggregate I make up from the returns of the two corps of Lee's army —the First (Longstreet's) losing three thousand four hundre
A. Lincoln (search for this): chapter 7
d actually got under way, and the whole army was in readiness for an immediate move, when, on the 30th of December, General Burnside received a dispatch from President Lincoln instructing him not to enter on active operations without letting the President know of it. Surprised at this message, General Burnside recalled the cavalry expedition, and proceeded personally to Washington to ascertain the cause of the presidential prohibition. On seeing Mr. Lincoln, he was informed by him that certain general officers of the Army of the Potomac had come up to see him, and had represented that the army was on the eve of another movement; that all the preliminary arrs of the Army of the Potomac were not in favor of operating by the Fredericksburg line. The following correspondence between Generals Franklin and Smith and President Lincoln has relation to this question. It is of great interest and has not before been published. headquarters left Grand division, December 21, 1862. to the
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