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Rapidan (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.39
confusion upon the centre. Night alone saved it from destruction. But details are too volumnious. The world knows of Hooker's terrible punishment and defeat. How Lee, with one-third of Hooker's forces, crushed the Federal army and threw it beyond the Rappahannock. Just one year later, on a balmy day in early May, 1864, Grant broke camp at Culpeper with the finest army ever organized upon the Western Continent. Without hinderance he placed 141,160 soldiers on the south bank of the Rapidan, and threw himself across Lee's road to Richmond. It must have been apparent to the eye of the most ordinary soldier in Grant's army that his commander had blundered. He saw at a glance how impossible to manoeuvre 141,000 men in the dense jungles and scrubs of the wilderness. Therefore it is not to be wondered that the genius of the great Confederate chieftain mastered the situation. He broke cover with 52,626 ragged but veteran troops, and not waiting to be attacked, moved at onc
Chancellorsville (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.39
ound Lee and Hooker had fought two years before, and now the first captain in the Federal army was sent with the finest army to crush Lee, yet he failed, and Chancellorsville and the Wilderness became famous in history as stragetic spots. Here in each battle genius and unsurpassed courage more than matched numbers and splendid appointments. Thus, in succession, Manassas, Cold Harbor, and Chancellorsville and the Wilderness, heretofore unknown, became luminous in history, and the terrific battle fought on these fields demonstrated their value as strategic points. Less only in the number of troops engaged, Winchester, in the lower Valley, became consp. On the retirement of Lee's army to Fredericksburg in the fall of 1862, again the town became the Federal headquarters for that section of Virginia. After Chancellorsville, in the order of Lee's combinations, Ewell burst through the gaps of the Blue mountains, and suddenly swooping down upon the little city, threw Milroy and th
North Anna (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.39
night of the third day's fight the Federal commander silently moved his army by the left flank, trusting with the morning sun to envelope the right and rear of Lee's depleted army. The genius of Lee seemed to have been inspired, for by some means he divined his adversary's plans and moved parallel to him, and as Grant changed from flank to front and moved forward, the battered but defiant Army of Northern Virginia was before him. Thence followed the fierce battles around Spotsylvania, North Anna and Cold Harbor. So ended the terrible Battle of the Wilderness. On nearly the same ground Lee and Hooker had fought two years before, and now the first captain in the Federal army was sent with the finest army to crush Lee, yet he failed, and Chancellorsville and the Wilderness became famous in history as stragetic spots. Here in each battle genius and unsurpassed courage more than matched numbers and splendid appointments. Thus, in succession, Manassas, Cold Harbor, and Chancello
Malvern Hill (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.39
ut to again hurl us against certain defeat and direful slaughter, we must refuse to obey. Thus for the second time Cold Harbor became the scene of the fiercest of conflicts, and established its value as a strategic point. It is worthy of note to mention the great disparity of numbers engaged, and how, in the two battles, conditions were reversed. In the battles of Richmond, McClellan's army numbered 115,102 men, and, in this engagement, fought on the defensive Cold Harbor, next to Malvern Hill—the strongest position in his line. Lee's forces were 69,762, and in this, as in others of the Richmond battles, were the aggressors, yet he wrested this stronghold by one of the most daring assaults history records. In the second battle of Cold Harbor conditions were reversed— Lee was behind the defenses, his army about 49,000. Grant was to attack with 140,000 men. He hurled his immense weight upon Lee, but with no effect, except to destroy his men. This leads up to the inquiry, Was
Fredericksburg, Va. (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.39
moved out of Washington under its orders. Burnside assaulted Lee's line at Fredericksburg under its arbitrary demand. Meade moved upon the Army of Northern Virginiay, Was either the better soldier? The spring of 1863 found Lee's army at Fredericksburg watching his powerful antagonist across the Rappahannock. Longstreet had b2,000 men; 40,000 under Sedgwick crossed the Rappahannock on pontoons below Fredericksburg and threatened Lee's right; with the remainder Hooker crossed the upper forravely critical. Leaving Early with 9,000 muskets to hold his works behind Fredericksburg, with the remainder he moved out to give battle to Hooker. Before developreciate its worth that two armies were dispatched, one under McDowell from Fredericksburg, and the other under Freemont from Franklin, each largely superior to Jacksin after Second Manassas was evacuated. On the retirement of Lee's army to Fredericksburg in the fall of 1862, again the town became the Federal headquarters for tha
Mine Run (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.39
not for the defence of Washington solely, but also for aggressive purposes. There was a supreme authority in the Federal States which became director general, which gave orders to commanders and moved armies. This power was public clamor, and all through the four years of carnage this influence was dominant. McDowell moved out of Washington under its orders. Burnside assaulted Lee's line at Fredericksburg under its arbitrary demand. Meade moved upon the Army of Northern Virginia at Mine Run at the dictation of this same power. But pardon this digression, and go back to strategic points. McDowell moved out of Washington with the Grand Army, and developing Beauregard's outposts, soon pressed them back upon the reserves and precipitated the indecisive battle, 18th of July, 1861. Pausing then, McDowell took advantage of his information to study the situation and plan accordingly. Beauregard, finding his force inadequate, appealed to Johnston, then at Winchester, for assi
Virginia (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.39
best blood of the South, but victory laid her crown of immortelles upon the banner of the stars and bars. Manassas, heretofore an insignificant railroad crossing, became the base of the Confederate army. Roads, both dirt and rail, radiated and crossed here, and its strategic worth, and the fierceness for which its possession was contended, demonstrated its value. After McClellan had been paralyzed before Richmond, a year later, a new and powerful Federal army was being massed in Northern Virginia, causing concern to the Confederate government. To check further advance, Lee transported his army from its intrenchments before Richmond, first to the line of the Rapidan, then to the banks of the Rappahannock. The summer rains had swollen the river, and thus gave the Federal commander a strong position. The fords were unavailable, and Pope held the key to the situation. But the genius of Lee could not be neutralized by an obstacle like the roaring Rappahannock. He sent the e
Jackson (Mississippi, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.39
held the key to the situation. But the genius of Lee could not be neutralized by an obstacle like the roaring Rappahannock. He sent the energetic and phenomenal Jackson to secure Manassas in Pope's rear. Silently and steadily the Stonewall corps tramped by a circuitous route, and before the Federal commander was aware of his absence from his front, Lee's great lieutenant had seized Manassas with its vast stores of food, clothing, and ammunition. These were utilized to the extent of Jackson's ability, the excess given to the flames. He knew that Pope would resent this poaching upon his preserves, so after applying the torch he moved from the Junction to the neighborhood of the old battle-field, where a year before he had won his title and his spurs. He wanted elbow room, space to manoeuvre, and as he had to call upon Pope, he determined to select his own battle-ground. The desperate battles of the 28th, 29th and 30th of August testify of Pope's anxiety to retain and Lee's
Kirby Smith (search for this): chapter 1.39
points. McDowell moved out of Washington with the Grand Army, and developing Beauregard's outposts, soon pressed them back upon the reserves and precipitated the indecisive battle, 18th of July, 1861. Pausing then, McDowell took advantage of his information to study the situation and plan accordingly. Beauregard, finding his force inadequate, appealed to Johnston, then at Winchester, for assistance. His prompt response is too well known to detail here; how Bee and Bartow died; how Kirby Smith, coming into line almost on the run upon McDowell's flank, and Jackson standing like a stone wall, snatched victory from defeat, and turned the triumph of the foe into an utter rout. The plains of Manassas drank in the best blood of the South, but victory laid her crown of immortelles upon the banner of the stars and bars. Manassas, heretofore an insignificant railroad crossing, became the base of the Confederate army. Roads, both dirt and rail, radiated and crossed here, and its str
James Longstreet (search for this): chapter 1.39
wrested this stronghold by one of the most daring assaults history records. In the second battle of Cold Harbor conditions were reversed— Lee was behind the defenses, his army about 49,000. Grant was to attack with 140,000 men. He hurled his immense weight upon Lee, but with no effect, except to destroy his men. This leads up to the inquiry, Was either the better soldier? The spring of 1863 found Lee's army at Fredericksburg watching his powerful antagonist across the Rappahannock. Longstreet had been detached for service near Suffolk, and the Army of Northern Virginia thus weakened. Hooker had succeeded Burnside in command of the Army of the Potomac. New hopes inspired the Federal army. Hooker was jubilant; he announced to the world the finest army on the planet was about to exterminate its enemies. So sure was he of this, he dispatched to General Hallock at Washington: The rebel army is now the legitimate property of the Army of the Potomac. Rejecting Burnside's p
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