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342 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
energetic demonstration of the Athenians under Diopeithes. The complaints which Philip then made roused Demosthenes, in B. C. 342, to his powerful oration peri\ tw=n e)n *Xerroonh/s/y, and to his third Philippic, in which he describes the king's faion under the name of Hegesippus in 1833. 8. *Peri\ tw=n e)n *Xerrsonh/sw| *Peri\ tw=n e)n *Xerroonh/sw| delivered in B. C. 342. 9. The third Philippic The third Philippic, delivered in B. C. 342. See Vömel, Demosthenis Philip. III. habitant esB. C. 342. See Vömel, Demosthenis Philip. III. habitant esse ante Chersonesiticam, Frankf. 1837; L. Spengel, Ueber die dritte Philip. Rede des Dem., Munich, 1839. 10. The fourth Philippic The fourth Philippic, belongs to B. C. 341, but is thought by nearly all critics to be spurious. See Becker, Philip.t. pro Ctesiph. praestantia, Isenac. 1832. 18. *Peri\ th=s *Parapredbei/as *Peri\ th=s *Parapredbei/as, delivered in B. C. 342. 19. *Peri\ th=s a)telei/as pro\s *Lepti/nhn *Peri\ th=s a)telei/as pro\s *Lepti/nhn, was spoken in B. C. 355. Edi
343 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
ng delay he consented to render an account of his conduct during the embassy, B. C. 343, escaped punishment, notwithstanding the vehement attacks of Demosthenes in t they would receive it as such. On the return of the ambassadors to Athens in B. C. 343, the oration on Halonesus (*peri\ *(Alonh/don) was delivered. It is usually ptein in Jahn's Jahrb. vol. 11.2, p. 144, &c. 7. On Halonesus On Halonesus, B. C. 343, was suspected by the ancients themselves, and ascribed to Hegesippus. (Liban44 and 45. The two orations against Stephanus, belong to the time previous to B. C. 343. The genuineness of the first is doubted by I. Bekker. See C. D. Beel, Diatri6. 47. *Kata\ *)Olumpiodw/rou bla/bhs *Kata\ *)Olumpiodw/rou bla/bhs after B. C. 343. 48. *Pro\s *Timo/qeon u(pe\r xre/ews *Pro\s *Timo/qeon u(pe\r xre/ews, fav. *)Apografh/. 53. *Kata\ *Ko/nwnos abi)ki/as *Kata\ *Ko/nwnos abi)ki/as, B. C. 343. 54. *Pro\s *Kallakle/a peri\ xwri/ou *Pro\s *Kallakle/a peri\ xwri/ou, of
344 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
d those complaints; their endeavours to disguise Philip's real intentions and to represent them to the people in a favourable light, afforded an opportunity for Demosthenes, when the answer to be sent to the king was discussed in the assembly, B. C. 344, to place in his second Philippic the proceedings and designs of the king and his Athenian friends in their true light. The answer which the Athenians sent to Philip was probably not very satisfactory to him, for he immediately sent another emb. Respecting the question as to whether this oration was actually delivered or not, see Becker, Philippische Reden, i. p. 222, &c., and Vömel, Prolegom. ad Orat. de Pace, p. 240, &c. 6. The second Philippic The second Philippic, delivered in B. C. 344. See Vömel, Integram esse Demosth. Philip. II. apparet ex dispositione, Frankf. 1828, whose opinion is opposed by Rauchenstein in Jahn's Jahrb. vol. 11.2, p. 144, &c. 7. On Halonesus On Halonesus, B. C. 343, was suspected by the ancients the
366 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
39; Liban. Vit. Dem. p. 3, Argum. ad Orat. c. Onet. p. 875.) We may suppose without much hesitation, that during the latter years of his minority Demosthenes privately prepared himself for the career of an orator, to which he was urged on by his peculiar circumstancesno less than by the admiration he felt for the orators of his time, and that during the first years after his attaining the age of manhood he availed himself of the instruction of Isaeus. Immediately after becoming of age in B. C. 366, Demosthenes called upon his guardians to render him an account of their administration of his property; but by intrigues they contrived to defer the business for two years, which was perhaps less disagreeable to him, as he had to prepare himself and to acquire a certain legal knowledge and oratorical power before he could venture to come forward in his own cause with any hope of success. In the course of these two years, however, the matter was twice investigated by the diaetetae, and was
363 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
dun. Bat. 1825. 46. *Peri\ *Eu)e/rlou kai\ *Mnhsibou/lou yeudomarturiw=n *Peri\ *Eu)e/rlou kai\ *Mnhsibou/lou yeudomarturiw=n, belongs to the time after B. C. 355. Its genuineness is doubted by Harpocr. s. vv. *)Ekaki/stroun and h)|thme/nhn, H. Wolf, Böckh (l.c.), and I. Bekker. See Schaefer, Appar. Crit. v. p. 216. 47. *Kata\ *)Olumpiodw/rou bla/bhs *Kata\ *)Olumpiodw/rou bla/bhs after B. C. 343. 48. *Pro\s *Timo/qeon u(pe\r xre/ews *Pro\s *Timo/qeon u(pe\r xre/ews, falls between B. C. 363 and 354, but is considered spurious by Harpocrat. s. v. *Kakotexniw=n, Böckh, and Bekker (see Schaefer, Appar. Crit. v. p. 264). It is defended by Rumpf, de Orat. adv. Timothy , Giessen, 1821. 49. *Pro\s Polukle/a peri\ tou= e)pitrihrarxh/matos *Pro\s Polukle/a peri\ tou= e)pitrihrarxh/matos, after B. C. 361. 50. *Peri\ tou= *Stefa/nou th=s trihrarxi/as *Peri\ tou= *Stefa/nou th=s trihrarxi/as, after B. C. 361, is suspected by Becker, Demosth. als Staatsmann und. Redner, p. 465. 51
364 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
favour of Demosthenes. (Dem. c. Aphob. i. p. 828, c. Aphob. iii. p. 861.) At length, in the third year after his coming of age, in the archonship of Timocrates, B. C. 364 (Dem. c. Onet. p. 868), Demosthenes brought his accusation against Aphobus before the archon, reserving to himself the right to bring similar charges against Demchus, p. 106, &c.; Westermann, Quaest. Demosth. iii. p. 96, &c. 26 and 27. The two orations against Aphobus The two orations against Aphobus were delivered in B. C. 364. 28. *Pro\s *)/Afobon yeudomarturiw=n *Pro\s *)/Afobon yeudomarturiw=n, is suspected of being spurious by Westermann, Quaest. Dem. iii. p. 11, &c. Comp. Schöm th=s trihrarxi/as, after B. C. 361, is suspected by Becker, Demosth. als Staatsmann und. Redner, p. 465. 51. *Pro\s *Ka/llippon *Pro\s *Ka/llippon, spoken in B. C. 364. 52. *Pro\s *Niko/straton peri\ tw=n *)Areqousi/ou a)ndrapo/dwn *Pro\s *Niko/straton peri\ tw=n *)Areqousi/ou a)ndrapo/dwn, of uncertain date, was suspected b
358 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
Megalopolis. The one hundred and sixth Olympiad, or the period from B. C. 356, is the beginning of the career of Demosthenes as one of the leading statesmen of Athens, and henceforth the history of his life is closely mixed up with that of his country; for there is no question affecting the public good in which he did not take the most active part, and support with all the power of his oratory what he considered right and beneficial to the state. King Philip of Macedonia had commenced in B. C. 358 his encroachments upon the possessions of Athens in the north of the Aegean, and he had taken possession of the towns of Amphipolis, Pydna, Potidaea, and Methone. During those proceedings he had contrived to keep the Athenians at a distance, to deceive them and keep them in good humour by delusions and apparently favourable promises. Demosthenes was not, indeed, the only man who saw that these proceedings were merely a prelude to greater things, and that unless the king was checked, he wou
361 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
he ruin of the republic by violating its laws and sacrificing its resources to personal and selfish interests. The first acts of open hostility were committed in B. C. 361, when Meidias forced his way into the house of Demosthenes and insulted the members of his family. This led Demosthenes to bring against him the action of kakhloed by Rumpf, de Orat. adv. Timothy , Giessen, 1821. 49. *Pro\s Polukle/a peri\ tou= e)pitrihrarxh/matos *Pro\s Polukle/a peri\ tou= e)pitrihrarxh/matos, after B. C. 361. 50. *Peri\ tou= *Stefa/nou th=s trihrarxi/as *Peri\ tou= *Stefa/nou th=s trihrarxi/as, after B. C. 361, is suspected by Becker, Demosth. als Staatsmann und. B. C. 361, is suspected by Becker, Demosth. als Staatsmann und. Redner, p. 465. 51. *Pro\s *Ka/llippon *Pro\s *Ka/llippon, spoken in B. C. 364. 52. *Pro\s *Niko/straton peri\ tw=n *)Areqousi/ou a)ndrapo/dwn *Pro\s *Niko/straton peri\ tw=n *)Areqousi/ou a)ndrapo/dwn, of uncertain date, was suspected by Harpocrat. s. v. *)Apografh/. 53. *Kata\ *Ko/nwnos abi)ki/as *Kata\ *Ko/nwnos abi)ki/
325 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
d the easternmost point of his expedition, Harpalus with the treasures entrusted to his care, and with 6000 mercenaries, fled from Babylon and came to Greece. In B. C. 325 he arrived at Athens, and purchased the protection of the city by distributing his gold among the most influential demagogues. The reception of such an open rebe)leuqeri/as *Peri\ th=s *(Rodi/wn e)leuqeri/as, B. C. 351. 16. *Peri\ tw=n pro\s *)Ale/candron sunqhkw=n *Peri\ tw=n pro\s *)Ale/candron sunqhkw=n, refers to B. C. 325, and was recognized as spurious by the ancients themselves. (Dionys. de Admir. vi die. Dem. 57; Liban. Argum. p. 211.) II. Judicial or Private Orations. 17. 56. *)/Efesis pro\s *Eu)bouli/dhn *)/Efesis pro\s *Eu)bouli/dhn, after B. C. 346. 57. *Kata\ *Qeokri/nou e)/ndeicis *Kata\ *Qeokri/nou e)/ndeicis, belongs to B. C. 325, but is probably the work of Deinarchus. (Dionys. Deinarch. 10; Argum. ad Orat. c. Theocrin. p. 1321; Harpocrat. s. vv. a)grafi/ou and *Qeokri/nhs; Schaefer, App
322 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
s Thessaly, and besieged Antipater at Lamia. But this was the turning point; for although, even after the fall of Leosthenes, the Greeks succeeded in destroying the army of Leonnatus, which came to the assistance of Antipater, yet they lost, in B. C. 322, the battle of Cranon. This defeat alone would not indeed have decided the contest, had not the zeal of the Greeks gradually cooled, and had not several detachments of the allied army withdrawn. Antipater availed himself of this contemptible dias, who hunted up the fugitives everywhere, arrived, Demosthenes, who was summoned to follow him to Antipater, took poison, which he had been keeping about his person for some time, and died in the temple of Poseidon, on the 10th of Pyanepsion, B. C. 322. (Plut. Dem. 29, Vit. X Orat. p. 846; Lucian, Encom. Dem.. 43, &c.) Thus terminated the career of a man who has been ranked by persons of all ages among the greatest and noblest spirits of antiquity; and this fame will remain undiminished so
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