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hich the Puritans interpreted in their favor. The house of commons often displayed an earnest zeal for a further reformation; Prince, 300. and its active 1565 Mar. interference was prevented only by the authority of the queen. When rigorous orders for enforcing conformity were first issued, Strype's Annals, i. 460, 461.d or any thing else but a cup of fair spring water, was the best dish which the hospitality of the whole colony could offer. Neat cattle were not introduced 1624 Mar. till the fourth year of the settlement. Yet, during all this season of self-denial and suffering, the cheerful confidence of the Pilgrims in the mercies of Provid be shed, grew out of a quarrel, in which the inhabitants of Plymouth were involved by another colony. For who will define the limits to the graspings of 1623. Mar. avarice? The opportunity of gain by the fur-trade had been envied the planters of New Plymouth; and Weston, who had been active among the London adventurers in es
December 15th, 1617 AD (search for this): chapter 12
spirit in peace with all men. Divers selecte gentlemen of the council for Virginia were well satisfied with their statement, and resolved to set forward their desire. The London company listened very willingly to their proposal, so that their agents found God going along with them; and, through the influence of Sir Edwin Sandys, a religious gentleman then living, a patent might at once have been taken, had not the envoys desired first to consult the multitude at Leyden. On the fifteenth of December, 1617, the Pilgrims transmitted their formal request, signed by the hands of the greatest part of the congregation. We are well weaned, added Robinson and Brewster, from the delicate milk of our mother country, and inured to the difficulties of a strange land; the people are industrious and frugal. We are knit together as a body in a most sacred covenant of the Lord, of the violation whereof we make great conscience, and by virtue whereof we hold ourselves straitly tied to all care of
March, 1522 AD (search for this): chapter 12
e use of violence to effect conversion in religion. He was wont to protest against propagating reform by 1522. persecution and massacres; and, with wise moderation, an admirable knowledge of human nature, a familiar and almost ludicrous quaintness of expression, he would deduce from his great principle of justification by faith alone the sublime doctrine of the freedom of conscience. Nollem VI et caede pro evangelio certar Compare the passages from Luthers Seven Sermons, delivered in March, 1522, at Wittenberg, quoted in Planck's Geschichte des Protestantischen Lehrbegriffs, II. 68—72. Summa summarum! Predigen will ichs, sagen will ichs, schreiben will ichs, aber zwingen, dringen mit Gewalt willich niemand; denn der Glaube will willig, ungenothigt und ohne Zwang angenommen werden. I have quoted these words, which are in harmony with Luther's doctrines and his works, as a reply to those, who, like Turner, in his History, III. 135, erroneously charge the great German reformer wi
March 16th (search for this): chapter 12
best soldier, with an exploring party, was able to discover wigwams, but no tenants. Yet a body of Indians Feb. 16. from abroad was soon discovered, hovering near the settlement, though disappearing when pursued. The colony, therefore, assumed a military organization; and 17. Standish, a man of the greatest courage, the devoted friend of the church, which he never joined, was appointed to the chief command. But dangers were not at hand. One day, Samoset, an Indian who had learned a Mar. 16. little English of the fishermen at Penobscot, boldly entered the town, and, passing to the rendezvous exclaimed, in English, Welcome, Englishmen. He was from the eastern coast, of which he gave them profitable information; he told also the names, number and strength of the nearer people, especially of the Wampanoags, a tribe destined to become memorable in the history of New England. After some little negotiation, in which an Indian, who had been Chap VIII.} 1621 carried away by Hunt,
June 15th, 1596 AD (search for this): chapter 12
troduced to read the liturgy, were so ignorant, that few of them could preach. Did men listen to their deprived pastors in the recesses of Chap VIII.} 1583 forests, the offence, if discovered, was visited by fines and imprisonment. A court of high commission was established for the detection and punishment of nonconformity, and was invested with powers as arbitrary as those of the Spanish inquisitors. Strype's Annals, III. 180. Haltham's England, i. 271—273. Rymer, XVI. 291—297, June 15, 1596, and 546—551, August 26, 1603. Mackintosh, III. 261, 262. Lingard, VII. 266. Men were obliged to answer, on oath, every question proposed, either against others or against themselves. In vain did the sufferers murmur; in vain did parliament disapprove the commission, which was alike illegal and arbitrary; in vain did Burleigh remonstrate against a system so intolerant, that the inquisitors of Spain 1584 July 1. used not so many questions to trap their preys. Burleigh, in Strype's <
January 12th (search for this): chapter 12
of the head of Protestantism; Catholic sovereigns conspired against her kingdom; the convocation of cardinals proposed measures for her deposition; the pope, in his excommunications, urged her subjects to rebellions. Then it was, that, as the Roman Catholics were no longer treated with forbearance, so the queen, struggling, from regard to her safety, to preserve unity among her friends, hated the Puritans, as mutineers in the camp. The popular voice was not favorable to a rigorous 1563 Jan. 12. enforcement of the ceremonies. In the first Protestant convocation of the clergy under Elizabeth, Chap VIII.} though the square cap and the surplice found in the queen a resolute friend, and though there were in the assembly many, who, at heart, preferred the old religion, the proposition to abolish a part of the ceremonies was lost in the lower house by the majority of a single vote. Strype's Annals, i. 338, 339. Hallam, i. 238. Prince, 289—293. Nearly nine years passed away, befo
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