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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Mamerci'nus (search)
Mamerci'nus 8. L. Aemilius Mamercinius, L. F. L. N., Son of No. 7, was interrex in B. C. 353, and magister equitum to C. Julius Julus in B. C. 352. (Liv. 7.17, 21.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Memnon (search)
Memnon （*Me/mnwn), historical. 1. A distinguished Greek, a native of Rhodes. The date of his birth is not accurately known, but Demosthenes (c. Aristocr. p. 672) speaks of him as a young man in B. C. 352. His sister was the wife of Artabazus, satrap of Lower Phrygia, and he joined the latter in his revolt against Dareius Ochus. When fortune deserted the insurgents they fled to the court of Philip. Mentor, the brother of Memnon [MENTOR], being high in favour with Dareius on account of his services in Egypt, interceded on behalf of Artabazus and Memnon, who were pardoned and again received into flavour. On the death of Mentor, Memnon, who possessed great military skill and experience, succeeded him in his authority, which extended over all the western coast of Asia Minor (about B. C. 336). When Alexander invaded Asia, Meninon, with the satraps Spithridates and Arsites, collected an army, with which they encamped on the banks of the Granicus. Memnon, thinking their forces insufficient
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Mus (search)
Mus 1. P. Decius Mus, is first mentioned in B. C. 352, when he was appointed one of the quinqueviri mensarii for the purpose of liquidating in some measure the debts of the citizens. In B. C. 343 he served as tribune of the soldiers under M. Valerius Corvus Arvina, in the Samnite war, and by his heroism saved the Roman army from the most imminent danger. While marching through the mountain passes of Samnium, the consul had allowed his army to be surrounded in a valley by the enemy: destruction seemed inevitable; when Decius offered, with the hastati and principes of the legion, in all sixteen hundred men, to seize a height which commanded the way by which the Samnites were hastening down to attack the Roman army. Here he maintained himself, notwithstanding the efforts of the Samnites to dislodge him, while the Roman army gained the summit of the mountain. In the ensuing night he broke through the Samnites who were encamped around him and joined the Roman consul, whom he forthwith per
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Nau'crates (search)
Nau'crates （*Naukra/ths), literary. 1. Surnamed Erythraeus, and termed by Suidas (s. v. Isocrates) *)Eruqrai/os *Naukrati/ths, was a disciple of Isocrates. He is mentioned among the orators who competed (B. C. 352) for the prize offered by Artemisia for the best funeral oration delivered over Mausolus. (Suidas, s. v. Theodectes, et l.c.; Gel. 10.68.) He wrote on the subject of rhetoric. From the incidental notice taken of his writings by Cicero (De Orat. 3.44), we may infer that he shared in and defended the technical refinement of his master. In one of his treatises we learn from Quintilian (3.6) that he applied the word sta/sis, as the appropriate technical term for the status or quaestio, the consideration of a case in its most general aspect, and that some regarded him as the inventor of the term so applied. As Isocrates wrote models for judicial and political orations, Naucrates furnished models (none of which are extant) of funeral orations, celebrating men of public fame.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Onomarchus (search)
ed battle ensued, in which the superiority of the Thessalian cavalry decided the victory in favour of the king. Onomarchus himself, with many of the fugitives, plunged into the sea in hopes to reach by swimming the Athenian ships under Chares, which were lying off the shore, but perished in the waves, or, according to Pausanias, by the darts of his own soldiers. His body fell into the hands of Philip, who caused it to be crucified, as a punishment for his sacrilege. His death took place in B. C. 352 (Diod. 16.31-33, 35, 56, 61; Paus. 10.2.5 ; Just. 8.1, 2; Polyaen. 2.38; Ephorus, fr. 153, ed. Didot; Oros. 3.12; Wesseling, ad Diod. 16.35; Dem. de Fals. Leg. p. 443). We are told that Onomarchus was a man of luxurious habits, and that he made use of the sacred treasures, not only for the purposes of the state, but to minister to his own pleasures (Theopomp. apud Athen. xiii. p. 605); but it is difficult to know what value to attach to such statements; the religious character assumed by
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pa'mmenes (search)
Pa'mmenes 2. A Theban general of considerable celebrity. He was connected with Epaminondas by political and friendly ties. When Philip, the future king of Macedonia, was sent as hostage to Thebes, he was placed under the care of Pammenes. (Plut. Pel. 100.26.) In B. C. 371, when Megalopolis was founded, as it was apprehended that the Spartans would attack those engaged in that work, Epaminondas sent Pammenes at the head of 1000 picked troops to defend them. (Paus. 8.27.2.) In B. C. 352, a party amongst the Megalopolitans were for dissolving the community, and returning to their own cantons, and called upon the Mantineans and other Peloponnesians, for aid. The Megalopolitans who opposed this dissolution of the state called in the aid of the Thebans, who sent Pammenes with 3000 foot soldiers and 300 cavalry to their assistance. With this force Pammenes overcame all resistance, and compelled those who had left Megalopolis to return. (Diod. 15.94, where by a mistake the Athenians, and not
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pam'philus (search)
cuted this picture of the Heracleidae for the Athenians. The date of the second edition of the Plutus was B. C. 388. Taking, then, this date as about the commencement of the career of Pamphilus, we must, on the other hand, place him as low as B. C. 352, when his disciple Apelles began to flourish. And these dates agree with all the other indications of his time. Thus, he is mentioned by Quintilian (l.c.) among the artists who flourished in the period commencing with the reign of Philip II.; Pliny places him immediately before Echion and Therimachus, who flourished in the 107th Olympiad, B. C. 352; and the battle of Phlius, which he painted, must have been fought between Ol. 102 and 104, B. C. 372 and 364 (Müller, Proleg. zu Mythol. p. 400). What victory of the Athenians formed the subject of the other picture mentioned by Pliny, is not known: it may be the naval victory of Chabrias, at Naxos, in B. C. 376. Among the pupils of Pamphilus, besides Apelles and Melanthius, was Pausias
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Phayllus (search)
Phayllus 3. A Phocian, brother of Onomarchus, whom he sicceeded as general of the Phocians in the Sacred War. He had already held important commands und r his brother, by whom he had been sent with an army of 7000 men to support Lycophron of Pherae against Philip of Macedon. (On that occasion he was unsuccessful, being defeated by Philip and driven out of Thessaly; but on the death of Onomarchus, in B. C. 352, he appears to have succeeded without opposition to the chief command. He immediately set to work to restore the affairs of the Phocians. By an unsparing use of the vast treasures at his disposal, and by doubling the pay of his mercenaries, he quickly re-assembled a numerous army, in addition to which auxiliaries were furnished him by the Achaeans, Lacedaemonians, and Athenians, and the fugitive tyrants of Pherae, Lycophron and Peitholaus, also joined him with a body of mercenaries. The success of his military operations was, however, far from corresponding to these great prepar
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
er, and he had other plans to prosecute in the North. But while he withdrew his army from Greece, he took care that the Athenians should suffer annoyance from his fleet. With this Lemnos and Imbros were attacked, and some of the inhabitants were carried off as prisoners, several Athesnian ships with valuable cargoes were taken near Geraestus, and the Paralus was captured in the bay of Marathon. These events are mentioned by Demosthenes, in his first Philippic (p. 49, ad fin.), delivered in B. C. 352, but are referred to the period immediately following the fall of Olynthus, B. C. 347, by those who consider the latter portion of the speech in question as a distinct oration of later date [DEMOSTHENES]. It was to the affairs of Thrace that Philip now directed his operations. As the ally of Amadocus against Cersobleptes (Theopomp. apud Harpocr. s. v. *)Ama/dokos), he marched into the country, established his ascendancy there, and brought away one of the sons of the Thracian king as a host
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pithola'us (search)
Pithola'us or PEITHOLA'US, or PYTHOLA'US (*Peiqo/laos, *Puqo/laos), was one of the three brothers-in-law and murderers of Alexander of Pherae. In B. C. 352 Peitholaus and his brother Lycophron were expelled from Pherae by Philip of Macedon [LYCOPHRON, No. 5]; but Peitholaus re-established himself in the tyranny, and was again driven out by Philip in B. C. 349 (Diod. 16.52). He was honoured at one time with the Athenian franchise, but was afterwards deprived of it on the ground that it had been obtained by false pretences, (Dem. c. Neaer. p. 1376.) For Peitholaus. see also Arist. Rhet. 3.9.8, 10.7; Plut. Amat. 23 [E.E]
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