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Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buell, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Volume 4., General Grant on the Wilderness campaign. (search)
inding that they had failed to capture Washington and march on to New York, as they had boasted they would do, assumed that they only defended their capital and Southern territory. Hence, Antietam, Gettysburg, and all the other battles that had been fought were by them set down as failures on our part and victories for them. Their army believed this. It produced a morale which could only be overcome by desperate and continuous hard fighting. The battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, and Cold Harbor, bloody and terrible as they were on our side, were even more damaging to the enemy, and so crippled him as to make him wary ever after of taking the offensive. His losses in men were probably not so great, owing to the fact that we were, save in the Wilderness, almost invariably the attacking party; and when he did attack, it was in the open field. The details of these battles, which for endurance and bravery on the part of the soldiery have rarely been surpassed, are g
Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buell, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Volume 4., The opposing forces at the beginning of Grant's campaign against Richmond. (search)
George W. Cole; 13th Co. Mass. Heavy Art'y (pontoniers), Capt. John Pickering, Jr. The effective strength of the Union army in the Wilderness is estimated at 118,000 of all arms. The losses of this army (including those sustained by the reenforcements received at Spotsylvania and Smith's corps at Cold Harbor), from May 5th to June 15th, were as follows: battles, etc. Killed.Wounded. Captured or Missing.Total. The Wilderness224612,0373383 17,666 Spotsylvania272513,416 225818,399 North Anna and Totopotomoy 5912,734 6613,986 Cold Harbor and Bethesda Church 18449,077 181612,737 Sheridan's first expedition64337 224625 Sheridan's second expedition150741 6251516 Grand total from the Wilderness to the James7620 38,3428967 54,929 During the same period Butler's army on the James River line numbered at its maximum about 36,000 effectives. Its losses amounted to 634 killed, 3903 wounded, and 1678 captured or missing == 6215, exclusive of the casualties sustained by W. F. Smi
Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buell, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Volume 4., Sheridan's Richmond raid. (search)
of his cavalry, saved to our Government the subsistence of ten thousand horses and men for three weeks, perfected the morale of the Cavalry Corps, and produced a moral effect of incalculable value to the Union cause. Sheridan's casualties on the raid were 625 men killed or wounded, and 300 horses. The Cavalry Corps returned in time to take part in an important flanking movement by the army, which in the meantime had fought the battle of Spotsylvania and had moved by the left to the North Anna River. On the 26th of May the army was posted on the north bank of that stream, with our left resting near Chesterfield bridge. [See map, p. 136. ] Our infantry was now cautiously transferred from the right by the rear around the left of the line south of the river, crossing by Hanover Ferry. Sheridan, with Gregg's and Torbert's divisions, was to precede the infantry on the left, while Wilson's division threatened the enemy's left at Little River. On the 27th Torbert crossed at Hanover Fe
Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buell, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Volume 4., Cold Harbor. (search)
n worth to that army many thousand men. Many other leaders had fallen whose names were familiar to the rank and file, but the Sixth Corps, although commanded by Sedgwick's most trusted lieutenant, General H. G. Wright, an able and gallant Confederate positions at the North Anna and at Cold Harbor, with the route of march of Ewell's Corps to the latter place. By Jed. Hotchkiss, top. Eng., Second Corps, A. N. V. soldier, seemed like an orphaned household. Warren's and Hancock's fight at North Anna had been fierce but ineffective, resulting only in slaughter, of which, as usual, a sadly disproportioned share was ours. The crossings of the North Anna had been forced [see map, p. 136], but our progress had been barred as before by the enemy in stronger position than ever. The three corps which had crossed had withdrawn in the night-time and had commenced a movement toward the Pamunkey, a river formed by the junction of the North Anna and the South Anna. The passage of that river had
Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buell, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Volume 4., Notes on Cold Harbor. (search)
and well-founded fear of starvation, which indeed some of us were already suffering. From the beginning of that campaign our food supply had been barely sufficient to maintain life, and on the march from Spotsylvania to Cold Harbor it would have been a gross exaggeration to describe it in that way. In my own battery three hard biscuits and one very meager slice of fat pork were issued to each man on our arrival, and that was the first food that any of us had seen since our halt at the North Anna River, two days before. The next supply did not come till two days later, and it consisted of a single cracker per man, with no meat at all. We practiced a very rigid economy with this food, of course. We ate the pork raw, partly because there was no convenient means of cooking it, but more because cooking would have involved some waste. We hoarded what we had, allowing ourselves only a nibble at any one time, and that only when the pangs of hunger became unbearable. But what is the
Benson J. Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the Civil War. Volume 2., Chapter 14: movements of the Army of the Potomac.--the Monitor and Merrimack. (search)
the cavalry of Stuart and Ewell, a battery of artillery, and some infantry. Stoneman's report to General McClellan, March 16, 1862. Then the Confederates moved leisurely on and encamped, first behind the Rappahannock, and then in a more eligible position beyond the Rapid Anna. This is the correct orthography of the name of one of three rivers in that part of Virginia, which has been generally written, in connection with the war, Rapidan. These small rivers are called, respectively, North Anna, South Anna, and Rapid Anna; the word Anna being frequently pronounced with brevity, Ann. This promenade (as one of McClellan's aids, of the Orleans family, called it) of the Army of the Potomac disappointed the people, and confirmed the President's opinion, indicated in an order issued on the 11th, that the burden of managing that army in person, and, as general-in-chief, directing the movements of all the others, was too much for General McClellan to bear. By this order he kindly re
Benson J. Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the Civil War. Volume 3., Chapter 12: operations against Richmond. (search)
1864. It was begun by Hancock's corps, which, at midnight, moved eastward to Mattaponax Church, and then turned southward, with Torbert's cavalry in advance. Lee, anticipating the movement, was very vigilant, and Longstreet's corps was put in motion southward immediately after Hancock's started. Warren followed the latter on the morning of the 2 1st, when Ewell marched in the track of Longstreet. Then began another exciting race of the two great carnies, the immediate goal being the North Anna River. The Confederates had the more direct and better way, for the Nationals, in order to flank the former, were compelled to make a more circuitous march over indifferent roads. The departure of the corps of Hancock and Warren (Second and Fifth), left those of Wright and Burnside (Sixth and Ninth) at Spottsylvania Court-House, where they were confronted by A. P. Hill's. Burnside's left on the afternoon of the 21st, after a sortie, as a covering movement, by General Ledlie's brigade of C
Benson J. Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the Civil War. Volume 3., Chapter 13: invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania-operations before Petersburg and in the Shenandoah Valley. (search)
ding, and one from Dutch Gap. Professor Coppee, author of Grant and his Campaigns, was furnished, by an officer of the Lieutenant-General's staff, with the following tabular statement of casualties in the Army of the Potomac, from May 5 to November 1, 1864. battles. Dates. killed. wounded. missing. aggregate. Officers. Enl'ed men. Officers. Enl'ed men. Officers. Enl'ed men. WildernessMay 5 to 122693,0191,01718,2611776,66729,410 SpottsylvaniaMay 12 to 211142,0322597,6993124810,381 North AnnaMay 21 to 3112138671,06333241,607 Cool ArborJune 1 to 101441,5614218,621512,35513,153 PetersburgJune 10 to 20851,1133616,492461,5689,665 DittoJune 20 to July 30295761202,3741082,1095,316 DittoJuly 30473721241,555911,8194,008 TrenchesAug. 1 to 181012858626145868 Weldon RailroadAug. 18 to 21211911001,0551043,0724,543 Reams's StationAug. 25249362484951,6742,432 Peeble's FarmSept. 30 to Oct. 1.1212950738561,7002,685 TrenchesAug. 18 to Oct. 3013284911,21448002,417 Boydton RoadOctober 2
Benson J. Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the Civil War. Volume 3., Index. (search)
meeting in Union Square, 1.354; state of feeling in, according to Russell (note), 1.358; draft riots in, 3.88-3.91. New York Seventh Regiment, departure of for Washington, 1.433; reception of in Washington, 1.440. Niagara Falls, unofficical negotiations with Conspirators at, 3.446. Noell, John M., amendment to the Constitution proposed by, 1.89. Nor.folk, history of the destruction of the navy-yard at, 1.392-1.398; Gen. Wool's operations against, 2.387; surrender of, 2.388. North Anna, battle of the, 3.326. North Carolina, secession movements in, 1.62; seizure of forts in by Gov. Ellis, 1.161; efforts made to force into rebellion, 1.198; ordinance of secession adopted in, 1.385; blockade extended to the forts of 1.451; attempt to establish loyal government in, 2.110; Burnside's operations on the coast of, 2.166-2.175; addresses of Burnside and Goldsborough to the people of, 2.177; Burnside's operations in, 2.305-2.312; military operations in, 3.181-3.185; military a
Owen Wister, Ulysses S. Grant, V. (search)
npropitious country, and compelled a battle May 5. On that beginning day the two crossed weapons, both of perfect steel. Lee handled his like a great swordsman: Grant handled his like a great blacksmith. Lee had some seventy thousand men: Grant, some one hundred and twenty thousand. Day, and often night, the weapons struck fire at some point; day and night, during not weeks, but months. Some of these clashes have names forever reddened with slaughter,--the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor; but in between them flow nameless streams of blood continuously. More sublimely shines the American volunteer at Cold Harbor than at Chattanooga,--more sublime in walking calmly to visible death than in tumultuously rushing to victory. He stood in the centre with the enemy in a great half-wheel around him, and, knowing that some one had blundered, walked into this. First he wrote his name and home, and fastened the address to his clothes. Thus they would know whose body i
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