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essel built in the colony, launched at Mistick, July 4, 1631, to discover Connecticut River, intending to remove the town thither. At the Court held, in September, visitors of a fine place, both for plantation and trade, at the Fresh or Connecticut River, and in June, 1633, Governor Edward Winslow and Mr. Bradford came to Bostlymouth people in October sent out a small party and built a house on the Connecticut River where now is Windsor, passing up the river above an already established Dy had been sent southward to trade, visited Long Island, the mouth of the Connecticut River, and the Dutch plantation on Hudson's River, called New Netherlands, wherhey were a fortnight on their journey, and settled on the right bank of the Connecticut, just north of the Dutch stockade, naming their settlement at first Newtown,ars before murdered two traders, Stone and Norton, and their crew, in the Connecticut River, and had made false excuses and promises when called to account for it. J
lony contained no more than three hundred souls. Few as were their numbers, they had struck deep root, and would have outlived every storm, even if they had been followed by no other colonies in New England. Hardly were they planted in America, when their enterprise began to take a wide range; before Massachusetts was settled, they had acquired rights at Cape Ann, as well as an extensive domain on the Kennebec; and they were the first to possess an English settlement on the banks of the Connecticut. The excellent Robinson died at 1625 Mar. 1. Leyden, before the faction in England would permit his removal to Plymouth; his heart was in America, where his memory will never die. The remainder of his people, and with them his wife and children, emigrated, so soon as means could be provided to defray the costs. To enjoy religious liberty was the known Chap. VIII.} end of the first comers' great adventure into this remote wilderness; and they desired no increase, but from the friends
r Dudley Carleton, who, in December, became Secretary of State, obtained from the king a confirmation of their grant. It was obviously the only way to secure the country as a part of his dominions; for the Dutch were already trading in the Connecticut river; the French claimed New England, as within the limits of New France; and the prelatical party, which had endeavored again and again to colonize the coast, had tried only to fail. Before the news reached London of Endicott's safe arrival, tde by the assistants alone, had already awakened alarm and opposition. While a happy destiny was thus preparing for Massachusetts a representative government, relations of friendship were established with the natives. From the banks of the Connecticut came the sagamore of 1631 April 4. the Mohegans, to extol the fertility of his country, and solicit an English plantation as a bulwark against the Pequods; the nearer Nipmucks invoked the aid of the emigrants against the tyranny of the Mohawk
n the Merrimack, was a frontier town; from Connecticut, emigrants had ascended as far as the rich meadows of Deerfield and Northfield; but to the west, Berkshire was a wilderness; Westfield was the remotest plantation. Between the towns on Connecticut River and the cluster of towns near Massachusetts Bay, Lancaster and Brookfield were the solitary abodes of Christians in the desert. The government of Massachusetts extended to the Kennebeck, and included more than half the population of New Ene whole Narragansett country was deserted by the English. Warwick was burned; Providence was attacked and set on fire. There was no security but to seek out the hiding-places of the natives, and destroy them by surprise. On the banks of the Connecticut, just above the Falls that take their name from the gallant Turner, was an encampment of large bodies of hostile Indians; a band of one hundred and fifty volunteers, from among the yeomanry of Springfield, Hadley, Hatfield, and Northampton, le
tself in Virginia; when the prerogative of the governor was at its height, he was still too feeble to oppress the colony. Virginia was always A land of liberty. Nor let the first tendencies to union pass unnoticed. In the Bay of the Chesapeake, Smith had encountered warriors of the Five Nations; and others had fearlessly roamed to the shores of Massachusetts Bay, and even invaded the soil of Maine. Some years before Philip's war, the Mohawks committed ravages near Northampton, on Connecticut River; and the General 1667 Court of Massachusetts addressed them a letter:— We never yet did any wrong to you, or any of yours,—such was the language of the Puritan diplomatists—neither will we take any from you, but will right our people according to justice. Maryland and Virginia had repeatedly negotiated with the Senecas. In July, 1684, the governor of Virginia and of New York, and the agent of Massachusetts, met the sachems of the Five Nations at Albany, to strengthen and burnish the<
ing to suppress the piracies of the Barbary states, and punish the foes of Christendom and civilization. And at that very time, the English were engaging in a piratical expedition against the Dutch possessions on the coast of Guinea. The king 1664 Feb. had also, with equal indifference to the chartered rights of Connecticut, and the claims of the Netherlands, granted to the duke of York not only the country from Mar 12 the Kennebec to the St. Croix, but the whole territory from the Connecticut River to the shores of the Delaware; and under the conduct of Richard Nicolls, groom of the bedchamber to the duke of York, the English squadron which carried the commissioners for New England to Boston, having demanded recruits in July 23. Massachusetts, and received on board the governor of Connecticut, approached the narrows, and quietly cast Aug. 28. anchor in Gravesend Bay. Long Island was lost; soldiers from New England pitched their camp near Breukelen Ferry. In New Amsterdam the
nglish sovereign? The spirit lived, and was openly displayed. It was soon said by a royal governor to the mixed races of legislators in the province, There are none of you but what are big with the privileges of Englishmen and Magna Charta. In the administration of the covetous and passionate 1692. Sept. Fletcher, a man of great mobility and feeble judgment, the people of New York were soon disciplined into more decided resistance. As to territory, the old hope of extending from Connecticut River to Delaware Bay revived; and, for the security of the central province, the command of the militia of New Jersey and Connecticut was, by a royal commission, conferred on Fletcher. An address was also sent to the king, representing Chap XIX.} the great cost of defending the frontiers, and requesting that the neighboring colonies might be compelled to contribute to the protection of Albany. In the necessity of common defence lay the root of the parliamentary attempt at taxation; for
rragansetts, who dwelt between the bay that bears their name and the present limits of Connecticut, holding dominion over Rhode Island and its vicinity, as well as a part Chap XXII.} of Long Island,—the most civilized of the northern nations; of the Pequods, the branch of the Mohegans Gookin c. II. that occupied the eastern part of Connecticut, and ruled a part of Long Island,—earliest victims to the Europeans,—I have already related the overthrow. The country between the banks of the Connecticut and the Hudson was possessed by independent villages of the Mohegans, kindred with the Manhattans, whose few smokes once rose amidst the forests on New York Island. The Lenni Lenape, in their two divisions of the Minsi and the Delawares, occupied New Jersey, the valley of the Delaware far up towards the sources of that river, and the entire basin of the Schuylkill. Like the benevolent William Penn, the Delawares were pledged to a system of peace; but, while Penn forbore retaliation fr<
the Hudson. For God's sake, wrote the officer in command at Albany, to the governor of Massachusetts, exert yourselves to save a province; New York itself may fall; Montcalm to Loudoun, 14 August, 1757. Journal de l'expedition, &c., &c. save a country; prevent the downfall of the Capt. Christie to Gov. Pownall, 10 August, 1757. British government upon this continent. Capt. Christie to Gov. Pownall, 11 August, 1757. Pownall chap. XI.} 1757. ordered the inhabitants west of Connecticut River to destroy their wheel-carriages and drive in their cattle. Loudoun proposed to encamp on Long Island, for the defence of the continent. Every day it was said, My Lord Loudoun goes soon to Albany, and still each day found him at New York. We have a great number of troops, said even royalists, but the inhabitants on the frontier will not be one jot the safer for them. The English had been driven from every cabin in the basin of the Ohio; Montcalm had destroyed every vestige of the
that the king in council had, at the instance of Halifax, dismembered New Hampshire, and annexed to New-York the country north of Massachusetts and west of Connecticut river. Board of Trade to Lieut.-Gov. Colden, 13 July, 1764. Order in Council, 20 July, 1764. Lieut.-Gov. Colden to Board of Trade, Sept. 26, 1763. The chap. Xtime for this business was now come The two republics of Connecticut and Rhode Island were to be dissolved; the government of New-York extended as far as Connecticut river; and Massachusetts was to embrace the country from the Connecticut river to the Piscataqua. Another colony, with Falmouth—now Portland—as its capital, mightConnecticut river to the Piscataqua. Another colony, with Falmouth—now Portland—as its capital, might extend to the Penobscot, and yet another to the St. John's. Massachusetts, he continued, would then afford a fine opportunity for trying the experiment of the most perfect form of government for a mature American province. A modification of its charter, a certain civil list, an order of nobility for life, and places of profit wi