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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Smokeless powders. (search)
are continually experimenting with the hope of discovering some compound that will answer the many and hard tests required of it. England professes confidence in cordite, but when used in American guns it is found to erode the metal of the guns to such an extent as to shorten their lives materially. All powders that amount to anything contain more or less of nitro-glycerine. In small quantities, as in small-arm cartridges, there is no appreciable effect from erosion, but in larger quantities it is so great an element that a few discharges have been known to put guns out of service. Lyddite, which figures so extensively in the British-Boer War, is a high explosive named from a small town in Kent, England, and is composed of picric acid brought into a dense state by fusion. Picric acid is obtained by the action of nitric acid on phenol or carbolic acid. Its destructive effect in a shell is eleven times that of powder, and it kills more by air concussion than by flying fragments.
aysails it passes along the stay through the cringles of the sail, and is attached to the upper corner. Down-share. A turf-paring plow, used in England, where the rolling treeless tracts are called downs. These tracts in Sussex are the homes of the Southdown sheep. (A. S. Dun, dune, a hill.) The sand-banks which lie upon the sea-shores of Holland are called dunes; hence Dunchurch in England, Dankirk in the Low Countries. Hence also the Downs, the famous anchorage off the coast of Kent, England, where the Goodwin Sands form a breakwater: — For whilst our pinnace anchors in the Downes. 2 Henry VI., IV. 1. Dows′ing-chock. See Dousing-chock. Down′ward-dis′charge Wa′ter-wheel. One form of the turbine or reaction water-wheel. The water is admitted at the periphery, from a spiral chute which surrounds the wheel, and, passing inward in a radial direction, curves and descends vertically. Downward-discharge water-wheel. Drab. 1. (Fabric.) A thick wool
pass each other, impressing a mark on a sheet of paper clamped to the are. See chronograph. E-lec′tro-blast′ing. Blasting by means of an electric or electro-magnetic battery, communicating through connecting wires with the charges of powder. It was first tried in blowing up the sunken hull of the Royal George, in 1839, by Colonel Pasley. In 1840 the plan was used in Boston Harbor by Captain Paris. In 1843, by Cubitt, for overthrowing a large section of Round-down Cliff, Kent, England, in making a portion of the Southeastern Railway. The mass dislodged weighed 400,000 tons. See blasting. E-lec′tro-chem′i-cal Tel′e-graph. A telegraph which records signals upon paper imbued with a chemical solution, which is discharged or caused to change color by electric action. Nicholson and Carlisle discovered, in 1800, that water was decomposed by the voltaic pile, hydrogen being evolved at the negative and oxygen at the positive end of the wire. Davy, afterwards Si
n extent as to interfere with the turning of the furrow. Plows. Finlayson's skeleton-plow (c) is adapted for extremely tenacious soils, to lessen the friction of the furrow-slice upon the mold board. It was designed to suit the soil of Kent County, England, and only expose one third the usual surface to friction. Stothard (English) perforates the mold-board to reduce its frictional area in tenacious soils. d is a potato-plow, having a share to pass below the tubers in the hill, and discharged into the receiver, while the pile is forced down by atmospheric pressure. This method was patented by Dr. L. H. Potts in 1843, and through its means piles were secured in the hard bottom of the Goodwin Sands, off the coast of Kent, England, after passing through 75 feet of sand. The pile is filled with concrete, and the inventor also proposed the injection of chemical solutions at its foot to consolidate the sand and form a firmer foundation. b. A caisson with a means of
land they are called trenchingplows; and sometimes horse-picks, from their mainly consisting of a sharp share which is forced through the subsoil, lifting it and breaking it into fragments. It is drawn by 4 horses, the wheelers hitched to the clevis, and the leaders by a soam, or draft-chain, to the draft-rod of the plow, below the beam. Submarine projectile. The first mention of subsoil-plows is in Worlidge's Mysteries of husbandry, 1677. He tells of an ingenious young man in Kent, England, who had two plows fastened on one stock, and the rear one plowing a furrow beneath the level of the sole of the preceding one. By this he stirred the land 12 or 14 inches deep. This was a regular subsoiling operation, though the now usual form of the implement is to stock the subsoil-plow separately and make it to follow in the wake of the ordinary plow. Van der Weyde's submarine lamp. Smith of Deanston, Scotland, is credited with the invention and introduction of the modern im
e, when they make a feast to entertaine their friends, can furnish their cupboards with flaggons, tankards, beere-cups, wine-bowles, some white, some percell guilt, some guilt all over, others without of sundry shapes and qualities. — Heywood's Philo-cathanista, or the Drunkard opened, dissected and anatomized, quarto, London, 1635, p. 45. Drinking-pots of wood, with wooden hoops, are yet used in some parts of Britain. A large drinking-glass was found in a Roman-British barrow, in Kent, England; a stained-glass one was excavated from a similar situation. Bede, Luitpraud, and Fordem record them. The grace-cup was handed round at the end of a meal. Oil-tank car. Tank-car. (Railroad-engineering.) A large tank mounted on a platformtruck, for carrying petroleum or other liquid. They are made in many forms, either of staves or of boiler-iron, usually the latter. In the example, the cylindrical tube is bellied midway between its ends and on its lowest side. The
J. William Jones, Christ in the camp, or religion in Lee's army, Chapter 2: influence of Christian officers. (search)
ce and realities of religion, the greatest good would be accomplished. Wishing the society all success and continued advancement in its work, I am, with great respect, most truly yours, R. E. Lee. Rev. Geo. Woodbridge, President Virginia Bible Society. The following graceful acknowledgment of a copy of the Scriptures sent him by some English ladies may be appropriately introduced at this point: Lexington, Virginia, April 16, 1866. Hon. A. W. Beresford hope, Bedgebury Park, Kent, England: Sir: I have received within a few days your letter of the 14th of November, 1864, and had hoped that by this time it would have been followed by the copy of the Holy Scriptures to which you refer, that I might have known the generous donors, whose names you state are inscribed upon its pages. Its failure to reach me will, I fear, deprive me of that pleasure! and I must ask the favor of you to thank them most heartily for their kindness in providing me with a book, in comparison
ption above quoted, that Mr. Colburn was educated by his genius. It may be proper to add, however, that he was graduated at Harvard College in 1820. His private character was most exemplary. A writer, about the time of his decease, remarked of him justly, that his study through life seemed to be to do good. On Locust Avenue a handsome sarcophagus shows the familiar and ancient name of Cheever. The inscription reads thus:-- Bartholomew Cheever was born in Canterbury, County of Kent, England, in 1607; came to America 1637; died in 1693, aged 86. Mason. Howard. Whitney and Cooke. Warren Colburn. Pilgrim Father, one of a handful God hath multiplied into a nation! Richard, Bartholomew, Daniel, William Downs, Eleanor and Elizabeth, who now likewise rest from their labors, were of the generations who have risen up to bless thy name. Caleb Davis was born in Woodstock, Conn., in 1739, was educated a merchant, resided in Boston; died July 6, 1797, aged 58. He wa
George Ticknor, Life, letters and journals of George Ticknor (ed. George Hillard), Chapter 13: (search)
d it prodigiously. But the first house at which I dined in England was Lord Holland's, where I met Tierney, Mackintosh, and some other of the leading Whigs, to whom I told it amidst great laughter. Two or three times afterwards, when I met Sir James Mackintosh, he spoke of Talleyrand, and always called him le petit moyen. Journal. On the 18th of January, 1819, I came to London [from Ramsgate], by the way of Canterbury, getting thus a view of the agricultural prospects in the county of Kent, and struck for the third time with the bustle which, from so far, announces the traveller's approach to the largest and most active capital in Europe. . . . . I went to see the kind and respectable Sir Joseph Banks several times, and renewed my acquaintance with the Marquess of Lansdowne, passed a night with my excellent friend Mr. Vaughan, etc. . . . . I found here, too, Count Funchal,. . . . and was very glad to know more of Count Palmella, whom I had known a little at the Marquis of Ma
the Rev. W. Turner , Jun. , MA., Lives of the eminent Unitarians, Nathniel Lardner (search)
ities in which he has seldom, if ever, been excelled: and he brought these endowments, more rare than brilliant, to the most valuable and important service in which they could be engaged, in placing the external or historical evidence of Christianity, in so far as it depends on the proof of the authenticity of the Christian scriptures, on a clearer and more satisfactory footing than it had ever before assumed. Nathaniel Lardner was born at Hawkhurst, a considerable village in the county of Kent, June 6, 1684. His father, Mr. Richard Lardner, was a respectable minister, afterwards settled at Deal, in that county. Where he received the earlier part of his education cannot now be ascertained; but he was transferred at an early age to an academy in London, then conducted by Dr. Joshua Oldfield. Here, however, he seems to have remained but a short time; for in 1699, when under sixteen, he was sent to pursue his theological studies at Utrecht; in which university, then enjoying a high