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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
diately hastened to Rome, and defended himself so successfully, that he was not only absolved from all blame, but elected consul for the ensuing year, together with T. Quintius Crispinus. (Liv. 27.7, 12-14, 20, 21; Plut. Marc. 25-27.) Before he entered on this, his fifth consulship, he was sent into Etruria to appease a threatened revolt of the Arretians, and succeeded in quieting tleir discontent for a time. After he returned to Rome, and was preparing to resume operations in the field (B. C. 208), he was detained for some time by unfavourable omens and the religious ceremonies deemed necessary, in order to avert the evils thus threatened. At length he once more took the command of the army at Venusia, and being joined by his colleague Crispinus from Bruttium, they encamped with their combined forces between Venusia and Bantia. Hannibal's camp was at a short distance from them; between the two armies lay a wooded hill, which the two consuls imprudently proceeded to reconnoitre, esc
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Marcellus Clau'dius 5. M. Claudius Marcellus, M. F. M. N., son of the preceding, was remarkable as a youth for his personal beauty, as well as for his modest and engaging demeanour. The insult offered him by Scantilius, and the punishment inflicted on the latter by the elder Marcellus, have been already adverted to (p. 297b). In B. C. 208 he accompanied his father as military tribune, and was one of those present with him at the time of his death. He was himself badly wounded in the skirmish in which the elder Marcellus fell, notwithstanding which, we find him shortly after entrusted by the consul Crispinus with the charge of conducting the troops of his father's army into safe quarters at Venusia. (Liv. 27.27, 29; Plb. 10.32; Plut. Marc. 28-30.) On his return to Rome, he received from Hannibal the ashes of his father, over which he pronounced his funeral oration, a composition which Caelius Antipater already regarded as unworthy of credit in an historical point of view (Liv. 27.27),
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
lut. Fab. 23; Cic. de Orat. 2.67.) The plunder of the town was given up to the soldiers, but. a question arising whether certain colossal statues and pictures of the tutelary deities of Tarentum should be sent to Rome, " Nay," said Fabius, "let us leave to the Tarentines their angry gods." (Liv. 27.16; Plnt. Fab. 22.) He removed thither, however, a statue of Hercules, the mythic ancestor of the Fabii, and placed it in the Capitol. M. Livius Salinator and C. Claudius Nero, consuls elect for B. C. 208, were at open enmity (Liv. 27.35, 29.37; V. Max. 4.2); and their reconciliation, of the highest moment to the commonwealth, was principally the work of Fabius. In the closing years of the second Punic war Fabius appears to less advantage. The war had become aggressive under a new race of generals. Fabius, already in mature manhood at the close of the first, was advanced in years in the later period of the second Punic war. He disapproved the new tactics; he dreaded, perhaps he envied, the
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Menippus (search)
Menippus 2. An officer of Philip V. of Macedon. In B. C. 208, when Philip was recalled from the war in the South against the Romans and Aetolians by tidings of disturbance and revolt in Macedonia, he left Menippus and Polyphantas in command of 2500 men for the protection of the Achaeans. In the following year Menippus was sent by Philip to aid in the defence of Chalcis in Euboea against Attalus I. of Pergamus and the Romans, by whom an unsuccessful attempt was made upon the town. (Liv. 27.32, 28.5, 6; Plb. 10.42.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Metellus (search)
Metellus 2. Q. Caecilus Metellus, L. F. L. N., son of the preceding, is enumerated by Cicero in his list of Roman orators (Brut. 14, 19), and his oration at his father's funeral has been spoken of above. (Comp. Plin. Nat. 7.43. s. 45.) He was elected one of the pontifices in B. C. 216, plebeian aedile in B. C. 209, and curule aedile in B. C. 208 (Liv. 23.2], 27.21, 36). In B. C. 207 he served in the army of the consul Claudius Nero, and was one of the legates sent to Rome to convey the joyful news of the defeat and death of Hasdrubal; and it was mainly in consequence of his services in this war that he owed his elevation to the consulship in the following year. On his return to Rome he was appointed magister equitum to M. Livius Salinator, who was nominated dictator for the purpose of holding the comitia, and it was at these comitia (B. C. 206) that he was elected consul with L. Veturius Philo, who had served with him in the campaign against Hasdrubal (Liv. 27.51, 28.9, 10 ; Cic. Bru
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Metellus (search)
Metellus 4. M. Caecilius Metellus, brother of Nos. 2 and 3, was plebeian aedile in B. C. 208, the same year in which his brother Quintus was curule aedile, and praetor urbanus B. C. 206, during the consulship of Quintus. In the following year he was one of the ambassadors sent to king Attalus, and brought to Rome the sacred stone, which was regarded as the mother of the gods. (Liv. 27.36, xxviii, 10, 29.11.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Philo, Vetu'rius 2. L. Veturius Philo, L. F. L. N., was curule aedile B. C. 210, and praetor B. C. 209, when he obtained the jurisdictio peregrina, and likewise Cisalpine Gaul as his province. He remained in Gaul as propraetor during the following year, B. C. 208, and next year, B. C. 207, he served under Claudius Nero and Livius Salinator, and was sent to Rome along with Q. Caecilius Metells to convey the joyful news of the defeat and death of Hasdrubal. It was mainly owing to his services in this war that he was elected consul in B. C. 207, with Q. Caecilius Metellus, who had shared with him in the glories of the campaign. The two consuls received Bruttii as their province, in order to prosecute the war against Hannibal; but their year of office passed by without any important occurrence, and Philo returned to Rome to hold the comitia, while his colleague remained in Bruttii. In B. C. 205 Philo was magister equitum to his former colleague Metellus, who was nominated dictator for th
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
s to send ineffective substitutes, he induced the young men of the higher class to serve in person, and by his personal influence and his judicious training soon formed them into an effective and well-disciplined body. At the head of his cavalry, Philopoemen accompanied Philip in B. C. 209, in his expedition against Elis, and, as usual, distinguished himself by his bravery. In an engagement near the borders of Elis and Achaia, he slew the Elean commander Demophantus with his own hand. In B. C. 208, Philopoemen was elected strategus, or general of the Achaean league. The reforms which he had introduced with so much success in the cavalry, encouraged him to make still greater changes in the main body of the Achaean army. lle discontinued the use of the light arms which the Achaean soldiers had hitherto used, and substituted in their place heavy armour, long spears, and large shields; at the same time he trained them in the Macedonian tactics, and accustomed them to the close array of
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Polyphantas (search)
Polyphantas （*Polu/fantas), a general in the service of Philip V. king of Macedonia, during the war against the Romans and Aetolians. In B. C. 208 he was left together with Menippus in the Peloponnese to support the Achaeans with a force of 2500 men; and the following year (B. C. 207) was sent with a small force to the assistance of the Boeotians and Phocians. (Liv. 27.32, 28.5; Plb. 10.42.) [E.H.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Py'rrhias (search)
on of his part of the scheme, being repulsed by the Cyparissians before he could effect a junction with Lycurgus. He in consequence returned to Elis, but the Eleans being dissatisfied with his conduct, he was shortly after recalled by the Aetolians, and succeeded by Euripidas. (Plb. 5.30, 91, 92, 94.) At a later period he obtained the office of praetor, or chief magistrate of the Aetolians, in the same year that the honorary title of that office was bestowed upon Attalus, king of Pergamus, B. C. 208. In the spring of that year he advanced with an army to Lamia to oppose the passage of Philip towards the Peloponnese, but though supported with an auxiliary force both by Attalus and the Roman praetor Sulpicius, he was defeated by Philip in two successive battles, and forced to retire within the walls of Lamia. (Liv. 27.30.) It is not improbable that Sipyrrhicas, who appears in Livy (31.46) as chief of the Aetolian deputation, which met Attalus at Heracleia. is only a false reading for Py
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