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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Plautus (search)
was thirty years of age. This supposition is con firmed by the fact that Cicero speaks (Cato, 14) of the Pseudolus, which was acted in. B. C.191, as written by Plattus when he was an old man, an epithet which Cicero would certainly have given to no one under thirty years of age; and also by the circumstance that in another passage of Cicero (quoted by Augustine, De Cix. Dci, 2.9), Plautus and Naevius are spoken of as the contemporaries of P. and Cn. Scipio, of whom the former was consul in B. C. 222, and the latter in B. C. 218. The principal objection to the above mentioned date for the birth of Plautus, arises from a passage of Cicero, in his Tusculan Disputations (i. l), according to which it would appear that Plautus and Naevius were younger than Ennius, who was born in B. C. 239. But we know that this cannot be true of Naevius; and Ritschl has shown that the passage, when rightly interpreted, refers to Livius, and not to Ennius, being older than Naevius and Plautus. Indeed, Cicer
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Poly'bius (search)
Poly'bius （*Polu/bios), literary. 1. The historian, was the son of Lycortas, and a native of Megalopolis, a city in Arcadia. The year in which he was born is uncertain. Suidas (s. v.) places his birth in the reign of Ptolemy Euergetes, who died in B. C. 222. It is certain, however, that Polybius could not have been born so early as that year; for he tells us himself (25.7) that he was appointed ambassador to Egypt along with his father and the younger Aratus in B. C. 181, at which time he had not yet attained the legal age, which he himself tells us (29.9), was thirty among the Achaeans. But if he was born, according to Suidas, before the death of Ptolemy Euergetes, he must then have been forty years of age. In addition to which, if any other proof were needed, it is impossible to believe that he could have taken the active part in public affairs which he did after the fall of Corinth in B. C. 146, if he was born so early as Suidas alleges. We may therefore, without much improbabil
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Historians named Ptolemaeus Ptolemaeus. 1. Of Megalopolis, the son of Agesarchus. Works History of King Ptolemy IV He wrote a history of king Ptolemy IV. Philopator, which is quoted by Athenaeus (vi. p. 246c., x. p. 425e., xiii. p. 577f.), Clemens Alexandrinus (Protrep. p. 13), and Arnobius (6.4). Date From these passages it is clear that the historian lived at the court of Ptolemy, who reigned from B. C. 222 to B. C. 204. (Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 157, ed. Westermann; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. v. p. 295). Schweighäuser supposes that the Ptolemy, who was governor of Cyprus during the regency of Ptolemy Philometor, is the same as Ptolemy of Megalopolis (Plb. 27.12) ; but the governor of Cyprus was a different person. [See above, No. 19.] Ptolemaeus. 2. An Egyptian priest, of Mendes. Works History of Egypt He wrote on the ancient history of Egypt (ta\ *Ai)gupti/wn a)ne/kaqen i(storw=n, Syncell., p. 64). He related the acts of the Egyptian kings in three books, as w
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Ptolemaeus. 1. Of Megalopolis, the son of Agesarchus. Works History of King Ptolemy IV He wrote a history of king Ptolemy IV. Philopator, which is quoted by Athenaeus (vi. p. 246c., x. p. 425e., xiii. p. 577f.), Clemens Alexandrinus (Protrep. p. 13), and Arnobius (6.4). Date From these passages it is clear that the historian lived at the court of Ptolemy, who reigned from B. C. 222 to B. C. 204. (Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 157, ed. Westermann; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. v. p. 295). Schweighäuser supposes that the Ptolemy, who was governor of Cyprus during the regency of Ptolemy Philometor, is the same as Ptolemy of Megalopolis (Plb. 27.12) ; but the governor of Cyprus was a different person. [See above, No. 19.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), or Ptolemaeus Euergetes (search)
atural alliance with Macedonia, led to a corresponding change on the part of Ptolemy, who thenceforth threw all the weight of his influence in favour of Cleomenes, to whom he afforded an honourable retreat after his decisive defeat at Sellasia, B. C. 222. (Plut. Arat. 24, 41, Cleom. 22, 32; Paus. 2.8.5.) We find him also maintaining the same friendly relations as his father with Rome, though he declined the offers of assistance made him by that powerful republic during his war with Syria. (Eutrted the Rhodians after their city had been overthown by an earthquake; the amount of which is in itself a sufficient proof of the wealth and power which he possessed. (Plb. 5.89.) The death of Euergetes must have taken place before the end of B. C. 222 : it is clearly ascribed by Polybius (2.71) to natural causes; though a rumour followed by Justin (29.1) asserted that he was poisoned by his son, a suspicion to which the character and subsequent conduct of the young man lent sufficient counte
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), or Ptolemy Philopator or Ptolemy Philopator (search)
tor or Ptolemy Philopator （*Ptolemai=os), king of EGYPT, surnamed PHILOPATOR, was the eldest son and successor of Ptolemy Euergetes. He was very far from inheriting the virtues or abilities of his father : and his reign was the commencement of the decline of the Egyptian kingdom, which had been raised to such a height of power and prosperity by his three predecessors. Its first beginning was stained with crimes of the darkest kind. Among his earliest acts, on assuming the sovereign power (B. C. 222), was to put to death his mother, Berenice, and his brother, Magas, of whose influence and popularity with the army he was jealous, as well as his uncle Lysimachus, the brother of Ptolemy Euergetes. In all these murders his minister Sosibius was his ready and dextrous instrument, and probably the first to advise their perpetration. Cleomenes, the exiled king of Sparta, of whose influence with the mercenary troops Sosibius had skilfully availed himself, soon became in his turn an object of
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Rhia'nus (search)
ting materials for his poem on the Messenian Wars. He was at first, as Suidas further tells us, a slave and keeper of the palaestra ; but afterwards, having been instructed, he became a grammarian. The statement of Suidas, that he was contemporary with Eratosthenes, not only indicates the time at which he lived, but suggests the probability that he lived at Alexandria in personal and literary connection with Eratosthenes. On the ground of this statement, Clinton fixes the age of Rhianus at B. C. 222. Works Epic Poems He wrote, according to the common text of Suidas, e)/mmetra poih/mata, *(Hrakleia/da e)n bibli/ois d#, where there can be little doubt that we should read e(ca/metra poih/mata, since the epic poems of Rhianus were certainly those of his works to which he chiefly owed his fame. Thus Athenaeus expressly designates him e)popoio/s (xi. p. 499 d.). His poems are mentioned by Suetonius (Suet. Tib. 70), as among those productions of the Alexandrian school, which the emperor
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Sci'pio (search)
Sci'pio 10. Cn. Cornelius Scipio Calvus, son of No. 7, and brother of No. 9, was consul B. C. 222 with M. Claudius Marcellus. In conjunction with his colleague he carried on war against the Insubrians. The details of this war are given under Marcellus. [Vol. II. pp. 927, 928.] (Plb. 2.34; Plut. Marcel. 6, 7; and the other authorities quoted in the life of Marcellus). In B. C. 218 Cneius served as legate of his brother Publius, under whom he carried on war for eight years in Spain, as has been related above.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Sosi'bius (search)
Sosi'bius 2. The chief minister of Ptolemy Philopator, king of Egypt. Nothing is known of his origin or parentage. though he may have been a son of No. 1; nor have we any account of the means by which he rose to power; but we find him immediately after the accession of Ptolemy (B. C. 222), exercising the greatest influence aver the young king, and virtually holding the chief direction of affairs. He soon proved himself, as he is termed by Polybius, a ready and dexterous instrument of tyranny : it was by his ministration, if not at his instigation, that Ptolemy put to death in succession his uncle Lysimachus, his brother Magas, and his mother Berenice. Not long after, Cleomenes, of whose influence with the mercenary troops Sosibius had at this time dexterously availed himself, shared the same fate (Plb. 5.34-39, 15.25; Plut. Cleom. 33-35). While the young king gave himself up to luxury and debauchery, the whole administration of the kingdom appears to have been left to Sosibius, who
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Theo'dotus (search)
Theo'dotus 4. Surnamed HEMIOLIUS (*(Hmio/lios, probably as suggested by Schweighäuser from his unusual stature), was a general in the service of Antiochus the Great, by whom he was sent in B. C. 222 together with Xenon against Molon, who had raised the standard of revolt in the eastern provinces of the monarchy [MOLON]. The two generals were however unable to cope with the rebel satrap, and withdrew within the walls of the cities, leaving him in possession of the open country. (Plb. 5.42, 43.) After the final defeat of Molon by Antiochus himself, Theodotus was selected by that monarch to take the command in Coele Syria, while he himself undertook to reduce Seleucia. What Theodotus accomplished at this time we know not, but the next year (B. C. 219) we find him serving under the immediate command of Antiochus himself, and bearing an important share in the action against Nicolaus the general of Ptolemy, near Porphyreon, as well as shortly after at the siege of Rabbatamana. On both thes
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