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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Diony'sius or Diony'sius the Elder or the Elder Diony'sius (search)
tizens from Locri and its kindred city of Medama, to be a stronghold against Rhegium. (14.78.) His designs in this quarter attracted so much attention, that the principal Greek cities in Italy, which were at the same time hard pressed by the Lneanians of the interior, concluded a league for their common defence at once against the barbarians and Dionysius. The latter retaliated by entering into alliance with the Lucanians, and sending a fleet to their assistance under his brother Leptines, B. C. 390. (14.91, 100-102.) The next year he gained a decisive victory over the combined forces of the Italian Greeks at the river Helorus; and this success was followed by the reduction of Caulonia, Hipponium, and finally, after a siege protracted for nearly eleven months, of Rhegium itself, B. C. 387. (14.103-108, 111.) The inhabitants of the conquered cities were for the most part removed to Syracuse, and their territory given up to the Locrians. Dionysius was now at the summit of his greatnes
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Dorso (search)
Dorso 1. C. Fabius Dorso, greatly distinguished himself at the time when the Capitol was besieged by the Gauls. (B. C. 390.) The Fabian gens was accustomed to celebrate a sacrifice at a fixed time on the Quirinal hill, and accordingly, at the appointed time, C. Dorso, who was then a young man, descended from the Capitol, carrying the sacred things in his hands, passed in safety through the enemy's posts, and, after performing the sacrifice, returned in safety to the Capitol. (Liv. 5.46, 52; V. Max. 1.1.11.) The tale is somewhat differently related by other writers. Dio Cassius (Fragm. 29, ed. Reimar.) speaks of the sacrifice as a public one, which Fabius, whom he calls Caeso Fabius, had to perform as one of the pontiffs. Florus (1.13) also calls him a pontiff, who was sent by Manlius, the commander on the Capitol, to celebrate the sacred rite on the Quirinal. Appian, on the other hand, who quotes Cassius Hemina as his authority, says that the sacrifice was performed in the temple of
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Hono'rius (search)
led to persecution and consequent discontent. His feebleness prevented all personal exertion for the safety of his dominions; and his long reign, the longest the empire had known, with the exception of those of Augustus and Constantine the Great, determined the downfal of the Roman empire. A long catalogue of usurpers, the sure indication of a weak government, is given by Orosius. Rome itself was taken by a foreign invader. for the first time since its capture by the Gauls, under Brennus, B. C. 390; and the barbarians acquired a permanent settlement in the provinces; the Visi-Goths, the Franks, and the Burgundians, in Gaul; and the Suevi, Vandals, and Alans, in Spain; while Britain and Armorica became virtually independent. The vigour of Theodosius the Great, and the energy of Stilicho, had deferred these calamities for a while; but the downfal of the latter left the remote parts of the empire defenceless; and all the military ability of Constantius just protected Italy, and preserve
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Le'ptines (search)
to sea. The result was, that the Syracusans were defeated with great loss, many of their ships fell into the hands of the enemy, and Leptines himself retired with the rest to Syracuse. During the siege that followed, he continued to render important services, and commanded (together with the Lacedaemonian Pharacidas) the final attack upon the naval camp of the Carthaginians, which terminated in the complete destruction of their fleet, (Diod. 14.59, 60, 64, 72.) We hear no more of him until B. C. 390, when he was again despatched by Dionysius with a fleet to the assistance of the Lucanians against the Italian Greeks. He arrived just as the former had gained a great victory over the Thurians; but instead of joining them to crush their enemies, he afforded a refuge to the Thurian fugitives, and succeeded in bringing about a peace between the contending parties. For this conduct, which was entirely opposed to the views of Dionysius, he was deprived of the command of the fleet, which was g
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Longus, Sulpi'cius 1. Q. Sulpicius Longus, one of the consular tribunes B. C. 390, the year in which Rome was taken by the Gauls. He is mentioned two or three times in the legends of the period, and is said to have been the tribune who made the agreement with Brennus for the withdrawal of his troops. (Liv. 5.36, 47, 48; Diod. 14.110; Macrob. Saturn. 1.16.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Maluginensis (search)
Maluginensis 6. P. Cornelius Maluginensis, P. F. M. N., consular tribune in B. C. 397 (Liv. 5.16; Diod. 14.85), and magister equitum to the dictator M. Furius Camillus in B. C. 396. At least the Fasti Capitolini name Maluginensis as the magister equitum in this year; but Livy (5.19) and Plutarch (Camill. 5) call the magister equitum P. Cornelius Scipio. He was consular tribune a second time in B. C. 390, the year in which Rome was taken by the Gauls. (Liv. 5.36; Diod. 14.110.) In Diodorus and in the common editions of Livy his praenomen is Servius, but in some of the best MSS. of Livy he is called Publius.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pam'philus (search)
Pam'philus （*Pa/mfilos), artists. 1. Of Amphipolis (Suid. s. v. *)Apellh=s ; Macedo natione, Plin.), one of the most distinguished of the Greek painters, flourished about Ol 97-107, B. C. 390-350. He was the disciple of Eupompus, the founder of the Sicyonian school of painting [EUPOMPUS], for the establishment of which, however, Pamphillus seems to have done much more than even Eupompus himself. (Plin. H.N. 35.10. s. 36.7, 11. s. 40; Plut. Arat. 13). Of his own works we have most scanty accounts; but as a teacher of his art he was surpassed by none of the ancient masters. According to Pliny, he was the first artist who possessed a thorough acquaintance with all branches of knowledge, especially arithmetic and geometry, without which he used to say that the art could not be perfected. All science, therefore, which could in any way contribute to form the perfect artist, was included in his course of instruction, which extended over ten years, and for which the fee was no less than a
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pharnaba'zus (search)
elf residing there. (Xen. Hell. 4.8.33.) Two years after we find Ariobarzanes holding the government of Pharnabazus, who had gone up to court to marry the king's daughter. (Xen. Hell. 5.1.28, Ages. 3.3 ; Plut. Art. 27.) So far we are on sure ground ; but it is very difficult to decide to what period we should refer the unsuccessful expedition of the Persians to Egypt under Pharnabazus, Abrocomas, and Tithraustes. Rehldantz, however, gives some very probable reasons for placing it in B. C. 392-390. (Rehdantz, Vit. Iph., Chabr., Timoth. pp. 32, 239-242; comp. Isocr. Paneg. 69, d. ; Aristoph. Pl. 178; Just. 6.6.) In B. C. 377, Pharnabazus, by his remonstrances with the Athenians, obtained the recall of Chabrias from the service of Acoris, king of Egypt, and also a promise to send Iphicrates to co-operate with the Persian generals in the reduction of the rebellious province. The expedition, however, under Iphicrates and Pharnabazus ultimately failed iln B. C. 374, chiefly through the dila
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Philo'crates (search)
Philo'crates 2. An Athenian, son of Ephialtes, was sent in B. C. 390 with ten triremes to Cyprus, to the aid of Evagoras, though the latter had revolted from the king of Persia (Artaxerxes II.), who was an ally of the Athenians at the time. On his voyage, Philocrates fell in with Teleutias, the Lacedaemonian, who was sailing to Rhodes with 27 ships, and who, notwithstanding the enmity between Sparta and Persia, attacked and captured the whole Athenian squadron (Xen. Hell. 4.8.24; comp. Lys. pro Bon. Arist. pp. 153-155; Diod. 14.97, 98.) In a passage of Demosthenes (c. Aristocr. p. 659) we are told that on one occasion, when the Lacedaemonians, with solemn assurances of good faith, had offered to give any pledge for it which might be required, Philocrates answered that no pledge could be satisfactory to him except a proof of their not being able to do injury. In this passage, however, the name of Iphicrates occurs as a various reading. The person of whom we have been speaking was perh
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pollis (search)
Pollis （*Po/llis), is first mentioned in B. C. 390 as a)pistoleu/s, or second in command of the Lacedaemonian fleet ( Xen. Hell. 4.8.11). In B. C. 376 he was appointed navarchus or commander-in-chief of a Lacedaemonian fleet of sixty ships in order to cut off from Athens her supplies of corn. His want of success and defeat by Chabrias are related in the life of the latter [Vol. I. p. 676a.] (Xen. Hell. 5.4. §§ 60, 61; Diod. 15.34; Polyaen. 3.11.17.) In several MSS. of the above-mentioned authors, his name is written *Po/lis, but *Po/llis is the preferable f
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