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U. S. S. Constitution, or old Ironsides, The most renowned vessel of the United States navy; built in Boston in 1797; rated as a frigate of 1,576 tons, with an armament of forty-four guns, but actually carrying fifty-two. The frigate, then under command of Capt. Isaac Hull, had just returned from foreign service when the War of 1812-15 was declared. She sailed from Annapolis (July 12, 1812) on a cruise to the northward. On the 17th she fell in with a small squadron under Captain Broke, when one of the most remarkable naval retreats and pursuits ever recorded occurred. The Constitution could not cope with the whole squadron, and her safety depended on successful flight. There was almost a dead calm, and she floated almost independent of her helm. Her boats were launched, and manned by strong seamen with sweeps. A long 18-pounder was rigged as a stern chaser, and another of the same calibre was pointed off the forecastle. Out of her cabin windows, which by sawing were made l
U. S. S. Constitution, or old Ironsides, The most renowned vessel of the United States navy; built in Boston in 1797; rated as a frigate of 1,576 tons, with an armament of forty-four guns, but actually carrying fifty-two. The frigate, then under command of Capt. Isaac Hull, had just returned from foreign service when the War of 1812-15 was declared. She sailed from Annapolis (July 12, 1812) on a cruise to the northward. On the 17th she fell in with a small squadron under Captain Broke, when one of the most remarkable naval retreats and pursuits ever recorded occurred. The Constitution could not cope with the whole squadron, and her safety depended on successful flight. There was almost a dead calm, and she floated almost independent of her helm. Her boats were launched, and manned by strong seamen with sweeps. A long 18-pounder was rigged as a stern chaser, and another of the same calibre was pointed off the forecastle. Out of her cabin windows, which by sawing were made l
was arrested by the opposition of public sentiment created and called forth largely by the following poetic protest by Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes: Ay, tear her tattered ensign down! Long has it waved on high, And many an eye has danced to see That banner in the sky. Beneath it rang the battle-shout, And burst the cannon's roar; The meteor of the ocean air Shall sweep the clouds no more. Her deck once red with heroes' blood, Where knelt the vanquished foe, When winds were hissing o'er the flood And waves were white below, No more shall feel the victor's tread, Or Know the conquered knee: The harpies of the shore shall pluck The Eagle of the Sea! Oh! better that her shattered hulk Should sink beneath the wave; Her thunders shook the mighty deep, And there should be her grave. Nail to the mast her holy flag, Set every threadbare sail, And give her to the God of Storms, The lightning, and the gale! The Constitution in 1876. Old Ironsides was saved and converted into a school-ship.
his time the Constitution was ranked among the seamen as a lucky ship, and she was called Old Ironsides. Gold box presented to Bainbridge by the City of New York. When Bainbridge relinquished the command of the Constitution, in 1813, she was thoroughly repaired and placed in charge of Capt. Charles Stewart. She left Boston Harbor, for a cruise, on Dec. 30, 1813, and for seventeen days did not see a sail. At the beginning of February, 1814, she was on the coast of Surinam, and, on the 14th, captured the British war-schooner Picton, sixteen guns, together with a letter-of-marque which was under her convoy. On her way homeward she chased the British frigate La Pique, thirty-six guns, off Porto Rico, but she escaped under cover of the night. Early on Sunday morning, April 3, when off Cape Ann, she fell in with two heavy British frigates (the Junon and La Nymphe); and she was compelled to seek safety in the harbor of Marblehead. She was in great peril there from her pursuers. T
U. S. S. Constitution, or old Ironsides, The most renowned vessel of the United States navy; built in Boston in 1797; rated as a frigate of 1,576 tons, with an armament of forty-four guns, but actually carrying fifty-two. The frigate, then under command of Capt. Isaac Hull, had just returned from foreign service when the War of 1812-15 was declared. She sailed from Annapolis (July 12, 1812) on a cruise to the northward. On the 17th she fell in with a small squadron under Captain Broke, when one of the most remarkable naval retreats and pursuits ever recorded occurred. The Constitution could not cope with the whole squadron, and her safety depended on successful flight. There was almost a dead calm, and she floated almost independent of her helm. Her boats were launched, and manned by strong seamen with sweeps. A long 18-pounder was rigged as a stern chaser, and another of the same calibre was pointed off the forecastle. Out of her cabin windows, which by sawing were made l
e Ann, she fell in with two heavy British frigates (the Junon and La Nymphe); and she was compelled to seek safety in the harbor of Marblehead. She was in great peril there from her pursuers. These were kept at bay by a quickly gathered force of militia, infantry, and artillery, and she was soon afterwards safely anchored in Salem Harbor. Thence she went to Boston, Gold box presented to Bainbridge by the City of Albany. where she remained until the close of the year. At the end of December (1814) the Constitution, still under the command of Stewart, put to sea. Crossing the Atlantic, she put into the Bay of Biscay, and Stewart's medal. then cruised off the harbor of Lisbon. Stewart sailed southward towards Cape St. Vincent, and, on Feb. 20, 1815, he discovered two strange sails, which, towards evening, flung out the British flag. Then Stewart displayed the American flag. By skilful management he obtained an advantageous position, when he began an action with both of them
ron— the Constitution, Essex, thirty-two guns, and Hornet, eighteen. Bainbridge sailed from Boston late in October, 1812, with the Constitution and Hornet. the Essex was ordered to follow to designated ports, and, if the flag-ship was not found at any of them, to go on an independent cruise. After touching at these ports, Bainbridge was off Bahia or San Salvador, Brazil, Hull's medal. where the Hornet blockaded an English sloop-of-war, and the Constitution continued down the coast. On Dec. 29 she fell in with the British frigate Java, forty-nine guns, Capt. Henry Lambert, one of the finest vessels in the royal navy. They were then about 30 miles from the shore, southeast of San Salvador. About two o'clock in the afternoon, after running upon the same tack with the Constitution, the Java bore down upon the latter with the intention of raking her. This calamity was avoided, and very soon a most furious battle at short range was begun. When it had raged about half an hour the w
taken by a new enemy— an enemy unaccustomed to such triumphs, and likely to be rendered insolent and confident by them. After his decisive victory over the Guerriere, Captain Hull generously retired from the command of the Constitution to allow others to win honors with her. Capt. William Bainbridge was appointed his immediate successor, and was placed in command of a small squadron— the Constitution, Essex, thirty-two guns, and Hornet, eighteen. Bainbridge sailed from Boston late in October, 1812, with the Constitution and Hornet. the Essex was ordered to follow to designated ports, and, if the flag-ship was not found at any of them, to go on an independent cruise. After touching at these ports, Bainbridge was off Bahia or San Salvador, Brazil, Hull's medal. where the Hornet blockaded an English sloop-of-war, and the Constitution continued down the coast. On Dec. 29 she fell in with the British frigate Java, forty-nine guns, Capt. Henry Lambert, one of the finest vessels in
ddled. The commander of the Java was mortally wounded. Her officers and crew numbered about 446. Some of the above-described passengers assisted in the contest. How many of the British were lost was never revealed. It was believed their loss was nearly 100 killed and 200 wounded. The Constitution lost nine killed and twenty-five wounded. Bainbridge, also, was wounded. After every living being had been transferred from the Java to the Constitution, the former was fired and blown up (Dec. 31, 1812). The prisoners were paroled at San Salvador. The news of the victory created great joy in the United States. Bainbridge received honors of the most conspicuous kind—a banquet at Boston (March 2, 1813); thanks of legislatures; the freedom of the city of New York, in a gold box, by its authorities; the same by the authorities of the city of Albany; an elegant service of silver-plate by the citizens of Philadelphia; and the thanks of Congress, with a gold medal for himself and silver o
try, and artillery, and she was soon afterwards safely anchored in Salem Harbor. Thence she went to Boston, Gold box presented to Bainbridge by the City of Albany. where she remained until the close of the year. At the end of December (1814) the Constitution, still under the command of Stewart, put to sea. Crossing the Atlantic, she put into the Bay of Biscay, and Stewart's medal. then cruised off the harbor of Lisbon. Stewart sailed southward towards Cape St. Vincent, and, on Feb. 20, 1815, he discovered two strange sails, which, towards evening, flung out the British flag. Then Stewart displayed the American flag. By skilful management he obtained an advantageous position, when he began an action with both of them; and, after a severe fight of about fifteen minutes in the moonlight, both vessels became silent, and, as the cloud of smoke cleared away, Stewart perceived that the leading ship of his assailants was under the lee-beam of his own vessel, while the sternmost w
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