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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), America's cup, (search)
America's cup, The popular name of a yachting trophy originally called the Queen's Cup, which was offered by the Royal Yacht Squadron of England in a America's cup. competition open to the yachts of all nations in 1851. The cup was won by the Boston-built schooner-yacht America. Since then there were challenge contests in 1870, 1871, 1876, 1881, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1893, 1895, and 1899, and in each instance the cup was defended by American yachts, with success. In 1895 Lord Dunraven's yacht, Valkyrie, after having been defeated in one race, won the second, but was deprived of the victory because of a foul. The Englishman claimed that he had been cheated, and refused to race again. He charged the American yachtsmen with unsportsmanlike conduct, and visited this country to press his charges. His complaints were dismissed and he was dropped from the list of members of the New York Yacht Club, under whose auspices the races had been held. One of the most notable of the several
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Andrews, Elisha Benjamin, 1844- (search)
Andrews, Elisha Benjamin, 1844- Educator: born in Hinsdale, N. H., Jan. 10,) 1844; graduated at Brown University in 1870, and at Newton Theological Institute in 1874; was president of Brown University in 1889-98; superintendent of the Chicago Public Schools in 1898-1900; and in the last year became chancellor of the University of Nebraska. He is author of History of the United States; An honest dollar, a plea for bimetallism, etc.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Arizona, (search)
. This young goddess was called Arizonia, the name signifying Maiden Queen. This Arizonia dwelt upon the earth a great length of time in lonely solitude, until at a certain time, while basking in the sunbeams, a drop of dew from heaven rested upon arizonia, who in due time blessed the world with twins, a son and a daughter, and these became the father and mother of the Zuni Indians, and from this tribe arose all other races of men, the black, white, olive, and all other clay-colored men being merely apostate offshoots from this original tribe, and the Zunis being the only pure, original stock, children of the sun, now upon the earth. Governors of the Territory.  Term of Office. R. C. McCormick1867-69 A. P. K. Safford1870-77 John P. Hoyt1878 John C. Fremont1879-82 Frederick Tuttle1882-85 C. Meyer Zulick1885-89 Lewis Wolfley1889-91 John N. Irwin1891-92 Nathan O. Murphy1892-94 Lewis C. Hughes1894-96 Benj. J. Franklin1896-97 Myron H. McCord1897-99 Nathan O. Murphy1899--
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Artesian Wells, (search)
Artesian Wells, Wells formed by boring through upper soil to strata containing water which has percolated from a higher level. and which rises to that level through the boring-tube. The following are some of the deepest wells in the United States: Location.Depth.Bored.Remarks. St. Louis, Mo2,197 ft.1849-52108,000 gallons daily. Salty. St. Louis, Mo3,843 ft.1866-70Does not rise to the surface. Salty. Louisville, Ky,2,086 ft.1856-57330,000 gallons daily. Mineral. Columbus, O.2,775 1/2 ft. Water saline, 91° Fahr.: no force Charleston, S. C.1,250 ft.184828,800 gallons daily. Saline. South Dakota, sometimes called the Artesian State, has many powerful artesian wells in the valley of the James River, from 800 to 1,600 feet deep, affording a bountiful supply of pure water. The water from great depths is always warmer than at the surface. One of the most remarkable attempts to sink an artesian well in the United Slates was made in Galveston, Tex. A depth of 3,070 fee
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Badeau, Adam, 1831-1895 (search)
Badeau, Adam, 1831-1895 Military officer; born in New York, Dec. 29, 1831; served on the staff of General Sherman early in the Civil War; was severely wounded at Port Hudson; joined General Grant, and became his military secretary, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, in January, 1864; and was made aide-de-camp to the general of the army, with the title of colonel, in March, 1865; and retired in 1869, holding the rank of captain, U. S. C., and brevet brigadier-general, U. S. V. He was consul-general in London in 1870-81; accompanied General Grant on his journey around the world in 1877-78; and was consul-general in Havana in 1882-84. After General Grant's death Badeau lost a suit against the heirs for compensation for alleged services in the preparation of General Grant's Memoirs. He published Military history of Ulysscs S. Grant; Grant in peace, and several romances. He died in Ridgewood, N. J., March 19, 1895.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Baker, Marcus, 1849- (search)
Baker, Marcus, 1849- Cartographer; born in Kalamazoo, Mich., Sept. 23, 1849: was graduated at the University of Michigan in 1870. He became connected with the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1873; and with the United States Geological Survey in 1886. He has made extended explorations in Alaska and on the Pacific coast, and was the cartographer of the Venezuelan Boundary Commission. In 1900 he was secretary of the United States Board on Geographic Names. He has published many geographical and mathematical monographs, and, with Prof. William H. Dall, brought out the Alaska coast pilot.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Balloons in War. (search)
opportunity of demonstrating the availability of the science of aeronautics in the service of the country. After sending the above despatch, Mr. Lowe was invited to the Executive Mansion and introduced to General Scott: and he was soon afterwards employed in the military service. When in use. the balloon was kept under control by strong cords in the hands of men on the ground, who, when the reconnoissance was ended, drew it down to the place of departure. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) balloons were freely used by both parties, Gambetta and other French authorities passed successfully over the investing lines of Germans; and captive or observation as well as floating balloons were frequent targets for ambitious sharp-shooters. In the Santiago campaign in Cuba, in 1898, much was expected of an observation balloon, put together and operated by men of the United States War balloon. Signal Service. Several successful ascensions were made, and messages describing the sit
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Bancroft, George, (search)
and libraries at Paris. Returning to the United States in 1849, he made his residence in New York City, where he prosecuted his historical labors. He was engaged in this work until 1867, when he was appointed, by President Johnson (May 14), minister to Prussia, and accepted the office. In 1868 he was accredited to the North German Confederation, and in 1871 to the German Empire. In August, 1868, Mr. Bancroft received from the University of Bonn the honorary degree of Doctor Juris ; and in 1870 he celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the reception of his first degree at Gottingen. Mr. Bancroft was a contributor of numerous essays to the North American review. In 1889 he published Martin Van Buren to the end of his public career, which he had written many years before. His History of the United States has been translated into several languages. In 1882 he published a History of the formation of the Constitution in 2 volumes. This completed his great work, in accordance with hi
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Bankruptcy laws, past and present. (search)
ogether and determine on action. It seems to have made little difference which system prevailed, as, so it is said, in the one the lawyers preyed on the estates and in the other the courts and their appointees did so. The English procedure has always been complicated. It has provided elaborately for compositions and arrangements, with the result that, until the present law, debtors have more often compounded and compromised than gone through the courts and obtained their discharge. From 1870 to 1877 there were but 8,275 bankruptcies, these nearly all involuntary, to 31,651 liquidations and 20,270 compositions. Even under the present English law, the actual official bankruptcies are in number hardly more than the so-called deeds of arrangement. On the other hand, the rigid public examination which is now required operates both as a threat to the fraudulent bankrupt and as a protection and vindication to the honest or unfortunate debtor. It stimulates the co-operation of neglige
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Barnard, Henry, 1811- (search)
where he established a model system of popular education. Dr. Barnard took great interest in the subject of school-house architecture; and from 1850 to 1854 he was State superintendent of public schools of Connecticut. In 1855 he began the publication of the American journal of education. The same year he became president of the American Association for the Advancement of Education, and was offered the presidency of two State universities. When the Bureau of Education was established at Washington, he was appointed the first commissioner (March, 1867). He resigned this office in 1870. Dr. Barnard wrote much and well on the subject of popular education. A London review, speaking of his work on National education in Europe (1854), said: He has collected and arranged more valuable information and statistics than can be found in any one volume in the English language. Dr. Barnard received the degree of Ll.D. from Harvard, Yale, and Union colleges. He died in Hartford, July 5, 1900.
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