I. with Verbs implying Motion, downwards, “ἐπισκύνιον κ. ἕλκεται” Il.17.136; “κ. ὁρόων” Od.23.91; “κατὰ τείχεος κ. ῥίπτειν” Hdt.8.53; “κατώρυξέν με κατὰ τῆς γῆς κ.” Ar.Pl.238; “χώρει κ.” A.Pr.74; “κ. δάκρυ᾽ εἰβομένη” S.Ant.527 (anap.), cf. E.Fr.384; esp. of the nether world, A.Pers.839, S.Ant.197, etc.; κ. βλέπειν, φέρεσθαι, Pl.R.500b, 584e; κ. διεχώρει αὐτοῖς they suffered from diarrhoea, X.An.4.8.20, cf. Hp.Epid.5.20; φάρμακον πῖσαι κ. give a purgative, Id.Aff.32, cf. 15; κ. βοηθεῖν go down to help, D.32.5; for ἄνω καὶ κάτω, ἄνω κάτω, etc., v. ἄνω (B) A. 11.2.
2. downwards, in a chain of causes, “ἐπὶ τὸ κ. ἰέναι” Arist.Metaph.994a19.
II. with Verbs implying Rest (so more freq. in Prose), beneath, below, opp. ἄνω, Hes.Th.301, etc.: “ὁ τόπος ὁ κ. καλούμενος” Pl.Phd.112c.
b. in the world below, S.Aj.660, OC1563 (lyr.), etc.; οἱ κ. the dead, Id.Aj.865, Ant.75, etc.; “οἱ κ. θεοί” Id.El.292, cf. E.Alc.851.
c. geographically below, southward, Hdt., v. ἄνω (B) A. 11.1e; also κ. οἰκεῖν to dwell on the coast, Th.1.7; οἱ κ., opp. οἱ τὴν μεσόγειαν κατῳκημένοι, ib.120; ἡ. κ. Γαλατία lower Galatia, Plu Aem.9, etc.; “βασιλεὺς τῶν τε ἄνω καὶ τῶν κ. χωρῶν” OGI90.3 (Rosetta, ii B.C.).
e. τὰ κ. τῶν μελῶν the lower limbs of the body, Id.Lg.794d; ἡ κ. κοιλία, opp. ἡ ἄνω, Arist.Mete.360b24.PA676a5; περὶ τὰ κ. χωρεῖν miscarry, fail, Luc. Ind.1.
f. of Time, afterwards, later, Ael.VH5.13; “οἱ κ. χρόνοι” Plu. Cor.25; οἱ κ., opp. οἱ πάλαι, Luc.Hipp.1; τοῦ χρόνου κ. later in time, Ael.VH3.17, NA2.18; Δαρεῖος ὁ κ. ib.6.48; cf. ἄνω (B) A.11.1i.
g. in Logic, τὰ κ. the lower members in a descending series of genera and species, Arist.AP0.97a31, Metaph.992a18.