3.
[
2]
It will make no difference whether we examine the
quality itself or the person that displays the quality.
3.
[
3]
Now a person is thought to be great-souled if he claims much and deserves much; he who
claims much without deserving it is foolish, but no one of moral excellence is foolish or
senseless. The great-souled man is then as we have described.
3.
[
4]
He who deserves little and claims
little is modest or temperate, but not great-souled,
3.
[
5]
since to be great-souled involves greatness just as
handsomeness involves size: small people may be neat and well-made, but not handsome.
3.
[
6]
He that claims much
but does not deserve much is vain; though not everybody who claims more than he deserves
is vain.
1
3.
[
7]
He that claims less than
he deserves is small-souled, whether his deserts be great or only moderate, or even though
he deserves little, if he claims still less. The most small-souled of all would seem to be
the man who claims less than he deserves when his deserts are great; for what would he
have done had he not deserved so much?
3.
[
8]
Though therefore in regard to the greatness of his claim the great-souled man is an
extreme,
2 by reason of its
rightness he stands at the mean point, for he claims what he deserves; while the vain and
the small-souled err by excess and defect respectively.
3.
[
9]
If then the great-souled man claims and is worthy of great things and most of all the
greatest things, Greatness of Soul must be concerned with some one object especially.
3.
[
10]
‘Worthy’ is a term of relation: it denotes having a claim to goods
external to oneself. Now the greatest external good we should assume to be the thing which
we offer as a tribute to the gods, and which is most coveted by men of high station, and
is the prize awarded for the noblest deeds; and
such a thing is honor, for honor is clearly the greatest of external goods. Therefore the
great-souled man is he who has the right disposition in relation to honors and disgraces.
3.
[
11]
And even without
argument it is evident that honor is the object with which the great-souled are concerned,
since it is honor above all else which great men claim and deserve.
3.
[
12]
The small-souled man
3 falls short both as judged by his own deserts and in comparison with the
claim of the great-souled man;
3.
[
13]
the vain man on the other hand exceeds as judged by his own standard,
but does not however exceed the great-souled man.
4
3.
[
14]
And inasmuch as the great-souled man deserves most, he must be the best of men; for the
better a man is the more he deserves, and he that is best deserves most. Therefore the
truly great-souled man must be a good man. Indeed greatness in each of the virtues would
seem to go with greatness of soul.
3.
[
15]
For instance, one cannot imagine the great-souled man running at full
speed when retreating in battle,
5 nor acting dishonestly; since what motive for base conduct
has a man to whom nothing is great?
6 Considering all the virtues
in turn, we shall feel it quite ridiculous to picture the great-souled man as other than a
good man. Moreover, if he were bad, he would not be worthy of honor, since honor is the
prize of virtue, and the tribute that we pay to the good.