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[441] Wund. remarks that two struggles were going on between the assailants and defenders, one about scaling the walls of the palace, the other about forcing an entrance through the doors (vv. 449, 450). The progress of the one is described vv. 452—468, that of the other vv. 469 foll. The ‘testudo’ here intended is probably not the machine so called, but the συνασπισμός. Quinct. Smyrnaeus, following, it is supposed, the early Cyclic writers, represents the Greeks as attacking Troy in this manner, in a passage, part of which may be worth quoting (11. 358 foll.): “Καὶ τότ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἀμφ᾽ Ὀδυσῆα δαΐφρονα κύδιμοι ἄνδρες
κείνου τεχνήεντι νόῳ ποτὶ μῶλον Ἄρηος
ἀσπίδας ἐντύναντο, βάλον δ᾽ ἐφύπερθε καρήνων,
θέντες ἐπ᾽ ἀλλήλῃσι: μίη δ᾽ ἅπαν ἥρμοσεν ἅρμη.
Φαίης κεν μεγάροιο κατηρεφὲς ἔμμεναι ἕρκος
πυκνόν, οὔτ᾽ ἀνέμοιο διέρχεται ὑγρὸν ἀέντος
ῥιπὴ ἀπειρεσίη, οὔτ᾽ ἐκ Διὸς ἄσπετος ὄμβρος:
τοῖαι Ἀργείων πεπυκασμέναι ἀμφὶ βοείαις
καρτύναντο φάλαγγες: ἔχον δ᾽ ἕνα θυμὸν ἐς ἀλκήν,
εἰς ἓν ἀρηράμεναι: καθύπερθε δὲ Τρώϊοι υἷες
βάλλον χερμαδίοισι: τὰ δ᾽ ὡς στυφελῆς ἀπὸ πέτρης
γαῖαν ἐπὶ τραφερὴν ἐκυλίνδετο.

Comp. also Virg.'s own description 9. 505 foll., which in some respects is fuller than the present, and Livy 34. 39, cited by Weidner. ‘Acta testudine’ is repeated 9. 505. “Agere,” like “ducere,” is used of drawing a line, as in G. 3. 87, A. 10. 514 (comp. ἐλαύνειν in ἐλαύνειν τεῖχος); and this seems to be the notion here, the formation of a column of shields, which is driven up to the wall.

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    • Vergil, Georgics, 3.87
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