Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges, PART FIRST — WORDS AND FORMS, DEFECTIVE NOUNS, Nouns wanting in the Plural, chapter 100

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[*] 100. Many of these nouns, however, are used in the plural in some other sense.

[*] a. The plural of a proper name may be applied to two or more persons or places, or even things, and so become strictly common:—

duodecim Caesarēs, the twelve Cæsars.
Galliae, the two Gauls (Cis- and Transalpine).
Castores, Castor and Pollux; Iovēs, images of Jupiter.

[*] b. The plural of names of things reckoned in mass may denote particular objects: as, aera, bronze utensils, nivēs, snowflakes; or different kinds of a thing: as, āerēs, airs (good and bad).

[*] c. The plural of abstract nouns denotes occasions or instances of the quality, or the like:—

quaedam excellentiae, some cases of superiority; ōtia, periods of rest; calōrēs , frīgora, times of heat and cold.

Ginn and Company, 1903.

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