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[*] 68. In Neuters the Nominative is the same as the stem, with final i changed to e: as, mare, stem mari-. But most nouns1 in which the i of the stem is preceded by āl or ār lose the final vowel and shorten the preceding ā: as, animăl, stem animāli-.2 [*] a. Neuters in -e, -al, and -ar have -ī in the ablative singular, -ium in the genitive plural, and -ia in the nominative and accusative plural: as, animal, animālī , -ia, -ium.
1 Such are animal, bacchānal, bidental , capital, cervīcal, cubital , lupercal, minūtal , puteal , quadrantal , toral, tribūnal, vectīgal; calcar, cochlear, exemplar, lacūnar, laquear , tūcar, lūminar, lupānar , palear , pulvīnar , torcular . Cf. the plurals dentālia , frontālia , genuālia , spōnsālia; altāria, plantāria , speculāria , tālāria; also many names of festivals, as, Sāturnālia.
2 Exceptions are augurāle , collāre , fōcāle , nāvāle , penetrāle , rāmāle , scūtāle , tībiāle; alveāre, capillāre . cochleāre.
Ginn and Company, 1903.
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