CONSONANT AND VOWEL DECLENSION COMBINED
[*] 294. Adjectives of the consonant declension having a separate form for the feminine inflect the feminine like a substantive of the first declension ending in
-α^ (
216).
[*] 295. The feminine is made from the stem of the masculine (and neuter) by adding the suffix
-[ιγλιδε]α (
yα), which is combined with the preceding syllable in different ways. The genitive plural feminine is always perispomenon (cp.
208). For the feminine dual, see 287 b.
[*] 296.
Stems in υ (
-υς, -εια, -υ).—The masculine and neuter have the inflection of
πῆχυς and
ἄστυ, except that the genitive singular masculine and neuter ends in
-ος (not
-ως) and
-εα in the neuter plural remains uncontracted.
[*] 296 D. Hom. has usually
-εῖα, -είης, -είῃ, etc.; sometimes
-έα, -έης, -έῃ, etc. The forms without
ι (
43) are regular in Hdt. For
-ύν Hom. has
-έα in
εὐρέα πόντον the wide sea.
ἡδύς and
θῆλυς are sometimes feminine in Hom.
[*] 297.
ἡδύς sweet is thus declined:
So
βαθύς deep,
γλυκύς sweet,
εὐρύς broad,
ὀξύς sharp,
ταχύς swift.
a. In
ἡδεῖα -[ιγλιδε]α has been added to
ἡδεϝ- ῀ ἡδε[υγλιδε]-, a stronger form of the stem
ἡδυ- (cp.
270). The nominative masculine
ἡδεῖς is used for the accusative.
b. The adjectives of this declension are oxytone, except
ἥμισυς half,
θῆλυς female, and some compounds, as
δίπηχυς of two cubits.
[*] 298. Stems in
ν (
-α_ς, -αινα, -αν; -ην, -εινα, -εν).
μέλα_ς black,
τέρην tender are declined as follows:
Like
μέλα_ς is declined one adjective:
τάλα_ς, τάλαινα, τάλαν wretched.
a. μέλα_ς is for
μελαν-ς by 37, 96. With the exception of
μέλα_ς and
τάλα_ς, adjective stems in
ν reject
ς in the nom. sing.
μέλασι for
μελαν-σι 96 a, 250 N. The feminine forms
μέλαινα and
τέρεινα come from
μελαν-[ιγλιδε]α, τερεν-[ιγλιδε]α by 111. The vocatives
μέλαν and
τέρεν are rare, the nominative being used instead.
[*] 299. Stems in
ντ occur in a few adjectives and in many participles (
301).
χαρίεις graceful and
πᾶς all are declined thus:
Like
χαρίεις are inflected
πτερόεις winged,
φωνήεις voiced,
δακρυόεις tearful. Adjectives in
-όεις and
-ήεις are generally poetical or Ionic.
φωνήεντα meaning
vowels is always open.
a. χαρίεις, πᾶς are derived from
χαριεντ-ς, παντ-ς by 100;
χαρίεν from
χαριεντ- by 133. The
α_ of
πᾶν (for
πα^ν（
τ)-) is irregular and borrowed from
πᾶς. Compounds have
α^:
ἅπαν, σύμπαν.
b. From
χαριετ- is derived
χαρίεσσα with
σς, not
ττ, by 114 a.
χαριετ- is a weak form of the stem
χαριεντ-; it appears also in
χαρίεσι for
χαριετ-σι (
98). Participles in
-εις (
307) form the feminine from the strong stem
-εντ ¨ [ιγλιδε]α. πᾶσα stands for
παντσα out of
παντ-[ιγλιδε]α (113 a).
πάντων, πᾶσι are accented contrary to 252; but
παντός, παντί, πα_σῶν are regular.
c. Adjectives in
-όεις contract, as
μελιτοῦς, μελιτοῦττα, μελιτοῦν, G.
μελιτοῦντος, μελιτούττης, etc. (
μελιτόεις honied).
πτερόεις has
πτεροῦντα, πτεροῦσσα. So in names of places:
Ἀργεννοῦσσαι Argennusae for
-όεσσαι; Ῥαμνοῦς, -οῦντος, for
Ῥαμνόεις, -όεντος.
[*] 299 D. Hom. has
αἱματόεσσα bloody,
σκιόεντα shadowy, but
τι_μῆς and
τι_μήεις valuable,
τι_μῆντα and
τι_μήεντα. Doric has sometimes
-ᾶς, -ᾶντος for
-ά_εις, -ά_εντος, as
φωνᾶντα. Attic poetry often has the open forms
-όεις, -όεσσα.
