[*] 2336. Any simple or unreal condition of present or past time, or any future condition, may refer to a customary or frequently repeated act or to a general truth. But for the present and past only (when nothing is implied as to fulfilment) there are two forms of expression: either a special kind of conditional sentence or (less frequently) the simple condition, as regularly in English and in Latin: Present. Protasis: ἐά_ν (= ἐά_ν ποτε) with the subjunctive; apodosis: the present indicative (2337). Protasis: εἰ ( = εἴ ποτε) with the present indicative; apodosis: the present indicative (2298 c, 2342). Past. Protasis: εἰ with the optative; apodosis: the imperfect indicative (2340). Protasis: εἰ with the imperfect; apodosis: the imperfect (2298 c, 2342). a. By reason of the past apodosis, the optative in the protasis refers to the past. Only in this use (and when the optative in indirect discourse represents a past indicative) does the optative refer distinctly to the past. b. The present subjunctive and optative view the action as continuing (not completed); the aorist subjunctive and optative, as simply occurring (completed). The tenses of the protasis have no time of themselves, but usually the action of the present is relatively contemporaneous with, the action of the aorist relatively antecedent to, the action of the main verb. c. The indicative forms in the protasis are more common in temporal and relative sentences. Observe that it is the character of the apodosis alone which distinguishes the special kind of general condition from the two forms of future conditions.
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part:
chapter:
DEFINITIONS
SYNTAX OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCE
KINDS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES
EXPANSION OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCE
AGREEMENT: THE CONCORDS
THE SUBJECT
OMISSION OF THE SUBJECT
CASE OF THE SUBJECT: THE NOMINATIVE
THE PREDICATE
CONCORD OF SUBJECT AND PREDICATE
PECULIARITIES IN THE USE OF NUMBER
PECULIARITIES IN THE USE OF GENDER
PECULIARITIES IN THE USE OF PERSON
ADJECTIVES
ADVERBS
THE ARTICLE
—
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT
PRONOUNS
THE CASES
PREPOSITIONS
THE VERB: VOICES
VERBAL NOUNS
THE PARTICIPLE
VERBAL ADJECTIVES IN
-τέος
SUMMARY OF THE FORMS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES
COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES: COÖRDINATION AND SUBORDINATION
SYNTAX OF THE COMPOUND SENTENCE
SYNTAX OF THE COMPLEX SENTENCE
CLASSES OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSES
ADVERBIAL COMPLEX SENTENCES
(
2193
-
2487
)
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(
RELATIVE CLAUSES:
2488-
2573
)
DEPENDENT SUBSTANTIVE CLAUSES
(
2574
-
2635
)
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES (QUESTIONS)
INDIRECT (DEPENDENT) QUESTIONS
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
PARTICLES
SOME GRAMMATICAL AND RHETORICAL FIGURES
section:
PURPOSE CLAUSES
(
FINAL CLAUSES
)
OBJECT CLAUSES
CAUSAL CLAUSES
RESULT CLAUSES (CONSECUTIVE CLAUSES)
ὥστε
(RARELY
ὡς
) WITH THE INFINITIVE
ὥστε
(
ὡς
) WITH A FINITE VERB
CLAUSES WITH
ἐφ᾽ ᾧ
AND
ἐφ᾽ ᾧτε
INTRODUCING A PROVISO
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
CLASSIFICATION OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
CONCESSIVE CLAUSES
TEMPORAL CLAUSES
CLAUSES OF COMPARISON
subsection:
A. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO FORM
B. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO FUNCTION
TABLE OF CONDITIONAL FORMS
PRESENT AND PAST CONDITIONS
FUTURE CONDITIONS
GENERAL CONDITIONS
DIFFERENT FORMS OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IN THE SAME SENTENCE
VARIATIONS FROM THE ORDINARY FORMS AND MEANINGS OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
This text is part of:
Table of Contents:
Part I: Letters, Sounds, Syllables, Accent
Part II: Inflection
Part IV: Syntax
ADVERBIAL COMPLEX SENTENCES
(
2193
-
2487
)
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(
RELATIVE CLAUSES:
2488-
2573
)
[*] 2336. Any simple or unreal condition of present or past time, or any future condition, may refer to a customary or frequently repeated act or to a general truth. But for the present and past only (when nothing is implied as to fulfilment) there are two forms of expression: either a special kind of conditional sentence or (less frequently) the simple condition, as regularly in English and in Latin: Present. Protasis: ἐά_ν (= ἐά_ν ποτε) with the subjunctive; apodosis: the present indicative (2337). Protasis: εἰ ( = εἴ ποτε) with the present indicative; apodosis: the present indicative (2298 c, 2342). Past. Protasis: εἰ with the optative; apodosis: the imperfect indicative (2340). Protasis: εἰ with the imperfect; apodosis: the imperfect (2298 c, 2342). a. By reason of the past apodosis, the optative in the protasis refers to the past. Only in this use (and when the optative in indirect discourse represents a past indicative) does the optative refer distinctly to the past. b. The present subjunctive and optative view the action as continuing (not completed); the aorist subjunctive and optative, as simply occurring (completed). The tenses of the protasis have no time of themselves, but usually the action of the present is relatively contemporaneous with, the action of the aorist relatively antecedent to, the action of the main verb. c. The indicative forms in the protasis are more common in temporal and relative sentences. Observe that it is the character of the apodosis alone which distinguishes the special kind of general condition from the two forms of future conditions.
American Book Company, 1920.
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