Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges

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[*] 908. Equivalents of the Substantive.—The function of the substantive may be assumed by a pronoun, adjective (in masculine and feminine more frequently with the article), numeral, participle, relative clause (““οἳ ἐλήφθησαν τῶν πολεμίων ταὐτὰ ἤγγελλον” those of the enemy who were captured made the same report” X. A. 1.7.13); by the article with an adverb (οἱ τότε the men of that day), or with the genitive (τὰ τῆς τύχης the incidents of fortune, fortune (1299)); by a prepositional phrase (οἱ ἀμφὶ τὸν Σωκράτη Socrates and his followers; ἐπὶ μέγα a great part), a preposition with a numeral (““ἔφυγον περὶ ὀκτακοσίους” about eight hundred took to flight” X. H. 6.5.10); by an infinitive with or without the article (1984, 2025); and by any word or phrase viewed merely as a thing (τὸ ὑ_μεῖς ὅταν λέγω, τὴν πόλιν λέγω when I say You, I mean the State D. 18.88). Cp. 1153 g. (Furthermore, by a clause in a complex sentence, 2189. 1.)