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Λευκὰς στήλας: unidentified as yet, is shown to be near the Marsyas by the use of τε καί (ch. 101. 2; i. 2. 2). The Carian Marsyas, the modern China Chai, must be distinguished from the better-known Phrygian tributary of the Maeander (vii. 26. 3 n.).

Ἰδριάδος χώρης. Its capital, Idrias or Chrysaoris (Paus. v. 21. 10), later called Stratonicea, is now Eski Hissar. In the neighbourhood was a temple of Zeus Chrysaoreus, at which the Carian league met (Strabo 660), but this confederacy appears to belong to a later age (Hicks, J.H.S. xi. 117). To H., Mylasa (i. 171) and Labraunda (ch. 119) are the great Carian shrines.


Pixodarus, son of Mausolus, is presumably a Carian dynast, forefather of the man commemorated by the famous Mausoleum, who ruled at Mylasa, and later (B. C. 377-353) in Halicarnassus (Strabo 656). Another Pixodarus reigned B. C. 341-335 (Head, H. N. 630).

Cindye is near Bargylia (Strabo 658), probably at Sirtmesh Kale, a Carian fortress (J. H. S. xvi. 196).

Συεννέσιος: cf. i. 74. 3 n.; vii. 98; ix. 107. 3 n.


δηλαδὴ ... ὡς οὐκ shows that the sentence is not final, but records the opinion that they will be driven into the river and never return home. Logically, ὡς should precede the dependent clause ἢν φυγή, &c.

H., as usual, shows complete ignorance of tactics; he really thinks that an army should fight where no retreat is possible. Cf. Ar. Eth. iii. 8. 5, with Schol.

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    • Pausanias, Description of Greece, 5.21.10
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