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chapter 1-5chapter 3chapter 4chapter 5chapter 6-17chapter 6chapter 7chapter 8chapter 9chapter 10chapter 11chapter 12chapter 13chapter 14chapter 15chapter 16chapter 17chapter 18-21chapter 18chapter 19chapter 20chapter 21chapter 22-5chapter 22chapter 23chapter 24chapter 25chapter 26-30chapter 26chapter 27chapter 28chapter 29chapter 30chapter 31-2chapter 31chapter 32chapter 33-41chapter 33chapter 34chapter 35chapter 36chapter 37chapter 38chapter 39chapter 40chapter 41chapter 42chapter 43-5chapter 43chapter 44chapter 45chapter 46-50chapter 46chapter 47chapter 49chapter 50chapter 51-60chapter 52chapter 53chapter 54chapter 55chapter 56chapter 57chapter 58chapter 59,chapter 60chapter 61-70chapter 61chapter 62chapter 63chapter 64chapter 65chapter 66chapter 67chapter 68chapter 69chapter 70chapter 71-2chapter 71chapter 72chapter 73chapter 74-84chapter 74chapter 75chapter 76chapter 77chapter 78chapter 79chapter 80chapter 81chapter 82chapter 83chapter 84chapter 85-93chapter 85chapter 86chapter 86Achapter 86Bchapter 86Cchapter 87chapter 88chapter 89chapter 90chapter 91chapter 92chapter 93chapter 94-101chapter 94chapter 95chapter 96chapter 97chapter 98chapter 99chapter 100chapter 101chapter 102-8chapter 102chapter 103chapter 104chapter 105chapter 106chapter 107chapter 108chapter 109-17chapter 109chapter 110chapter 111chapter 112chapter 113chapter 114chapter 115chapter 116chapter 117chapter 118-20chapter 118chapter 119chapter 120chapter 121-4chapter 121chapter 122chapter 123chapter 124chapter 125-31chapter 125chapter 126chapter 127chapter 128chapter 129chapter 130chapter 131chapter 132-6chapter 132chapter 133chapter 134chapter 135chapter 136chapter 137-40chapter 137chapter 138chapter 139chapter 140
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The story of the dual kingship at Sparta. Privileges of the kings with notes on non-Hellenic customs (ch. 59, 60). This digression (the main story is not resumed till ch. 61) is the most important contribution in H. to Greek constitutional history. It illustrates admirably how much and how little the Greeks knew of their origins, and also the religious and military character of early kingship. The legend of the twins is a clumsy fiction intended to account for the dual kingship. The most probable origin of this anomaly is the fusion of two distinct communities whose chiefs shared the throne. That the two royal houses were of different origin seems proved by the fact that their homes and tombs were to be found in different quarters of Sparta, those of the Agiads close to the Acropolis (Paus. iii. 14. 2), those of the Eurypontids on the heights of New Sparta (Paus. iii. 12. 8). The two quarters may have been originally (cf. the case of Rome) two distinct communities. It is perhaps most likely that both communities and both kings were Dorian invaders (Duncker, G. i. 351 f.), and that the claims of the kings to Achaean descent (cf. v. 72; i. 67; vii. 159) were a fiction intended to justify the Dorian conquest. Wachsmuth, however (Jahrbuch f. Philologie, 1868, p. 1 f.), sees in the superior dignity of the elder Agiad line, and in the claim of Cleomenes to be an Achaean (v. 72), indications that the old Achaean royal house survived side by side with that of the invading Dorians. In any case, the rival theory that the dual kingship was instituted to weaken the royal power (cf. the Consulship at Rome) confuses effect and cause, and fails to explain such facts as the separate burying-places. For other instances of double kingship in Greece and elsewhere (e.g. Siam), and for further discussion cf. Busolt, i. 546. 4; Frazer, Paus. iii. 312.
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