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καὶ συνεσέβαλον. This goes back to an earlier point of time, so that the author may bring out the contrast with the Phocians, who sent their force too late to take part in the invasion of Attica.

Ἀθήνας = Attica; cf. viii. 50. 2, similarly Θήβας (§ 2) for the Theban land.

ἐμήδιζον ... ἀναγκαίης. If the manuscript reading is right it must mean that the Phocians now joined the Persians decidedly (σφόδρα) though unwillingly; but (1) σφόδρα should mean ‘eagerly’, and (2) some Phocians still fought for Greece (ch. 31. 5), and many more were, in H.'s opinion (vii. 203 f., 218 n.; viii. 29 f.), loyal at heart.

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