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φυγὴ in a collective sense = φυγάδες τινὲς. Cf. Xen. Hell. v. 2, 9, κατάγειν ἐβούλοντο τὴν φυγήν; Aesch. Suppl 76, τᾶσδε φυγᾶς εἴ τις ἔστι κηδεμών; Aeschin. De F. ὑπὸ is joined to the verbal noun from its sense of τινὲς ἐκβεβλημένοι. Cf. c. 35, § 1, ἀφειστήκει ὑπὸ Τισσαφέρνους. φεύγειν ὑπὸ is common. μάλιστα ἃ = ‘as nearly as possible what . . .’ τὴν πόλιν τε ὀρθοῦσθαι their state was gaining its independence of Athens, καὶ τὸν . . . δῆμον καταλελύσθαι, and their own oligarchical party was established in power. Thus in external and internal relations alike their policy was suited. ὀρθοῦσθαι not ὠρθῶσθαι, as the liberation is not yet complete. The state was ‘coming right.’ There is a metaphor from a ship righting itself. Cf. Soph. Antig. 162, ἄνδρες, τὰ μὲν δὴ πόλεος ἀσφαλῶς θεοὶ | πολλῷ σάλῳ σείσαντες ὤρθωσαν πάλιν The present tense has in other places (e.g. ii. 60, πόλιν . . . ὀρθουμένην) the sense of ‘proceeding on the right (or prosperous) lines.’
Commentary on Thucydides Book 8. T.G. Tucker. London. MacMillan & Company. 1892.
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