FORTUNAE (TRES), AEDES
three temples of Fortuna on the Quirinal,
just inside the porta Collina, which gave their name to the district
(
Vitr. iii. 2. 2:
huius autem (sc. aedis in antis) exemplar erit ad tres
Fortunas ex tribus quae est proxime portam Collinam; Crinagoras
Anth. app. iv. 40 = 48 ed. Rubensohn:
γείτοϝες οὐ τρισσαὶ μοῦνον Τύχαι ἔπρεπον εἶναι, Κρίσπε.
1 The principal one of these three seems to have
been that of the Praenestine goddess who was known officially at Rome
as Fortuna publica populi Romani Quiritium primigenia (Fast. Caer. ad
viii Kal. Iun., CIL i². p. 213, 319:
Fortunae p(ublicae) p(opuli) R(omani)
Q(uiritium) in colle Quirin(ali) ; Fast. Esquil. ad eand. diem, CIL i² p. 211 :
Fortunae public(ae) p(opuli) R(omani) in coll(e); Fast. Venus. ib.:
Fortun(ae) Prim(igeniae) in coll(e); Fast. Ant. ap.
NS 1921, 96, For.
PRQ; Ov.
Fast. v. 729:
populi Fortuna potentis publica; Lydus de
mens. iv. 7). This temple was vowed in 204 B.C. by the consul P. Sempronius Sophus at the beginning of the battle with Hannibal at Croton
(
Liv. xxix. 36. 8:
si eo die hostis fudisset), and dedicated in 194 by
Q. Marcius Ralla (
Liv. xxxiv. 53-at least this is probably the temple
referred to). The day of dedication was 25th May, and it is probably
this temple in which prodigies were observed in 169 B.C. (
Liv. xliii. 13:
in aede Primigeniae Fortunae quae in colle est).
The second of these temples was dedicated to Fortuna publica citerior
-that is, nearer the city than the others-and its festival day was 5th
April (Fast. Praen. ad Non. Apr., CIL i². p. 235, 315:
Fortunae publicae
citerio(ri) in colle; Fast. Ant. ap.
NS. 1921, 91; Ov.
Fast. iv. 375-376),
but nothing is known of its history. One of these two temples is probably
referred to by Cassius Dio under date of 47 B.C. as
Τύχη δημοσία and
is being close to, if not within, the gardens of Caesar that were near the
porta Collina (xlii. 26:
κερουνοί τε ἔς τε τὸ Καπιτώλιον καὶ ἐς τὸν τῆς Τύχης τῆς δημοσίας καλουμένης ναὸν ἔς τε τοὺς τοῦ Καίσαπος κήπους κατέσκηψαν ... καὶ τὸ Τυχαῖον αὐτόματον ἀνεῴχθη).
The third of these temples was one that seems to be mentioned
only twice (Fast. Arval. ad Id. Nov., CIL i². p. 215, 335:
Fortun(ae)
Prim(igeniae) in c(olle); Fast. Ant. ap.
NS. 1921, 117:
Fort(unae)
Prim(igeniae), of which the festival day was 13th November.
One of these three is mentioned by Vitruvius (see above) as an example
of a temple in antis; and the podium and foundations of one of the
other two were probably discovered at the corner of the via Flavia and
the via Servio Tullio (LF 10; LR 421). Other traces have also been
found in the neighbourhood (
BC 1872-3, 201-211, 233, 243, 248; see
AZ 1872,77-79; WR 261; HJ 413-414; RE vii. 28-29;
Rosch. i.
15 6-1518;
Gilb. iii. 372).
