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χθών , , gen. χθονός,
A.earth, esp. the surface of it (rarely soil,χθονὸς τρίμοιρον χλαῖνανA.Ag.872): poet. word (Com. only in lyr. or paratrag.), very rare in Prose, LXX 3 Ki.14.15 (cod. Alex.), Supp.Epigr. 2.520 (Rome); seldom with Art. (only when an Adj. is added, v. infr. 11); “ἀπὸ χ. ὑψόσ᾽ ἀερθείςOd.8.375, cf. 10.149, Il.14.349; “ἐξ ἵππων ἀποβάντες ἐπὶ χθόνα8.492, cf. 11.619; “ἐπὶ χθονὶ κεῖτο τανυσθείς20.483; “κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ χθονί6.473, cf. 3.89; “χθονὶ φύλλα πελάσσαι13.180; ἐπὶ χ., opp. οὐρανῷ, 4.443; “ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο1.88; “ἐπὶ χ. σῖτον ἔδοντεςOd.8.222, etc.; “τοὶ ἐπὶ χ. ναιετάουσι6.153; “ἄριστον ἄνδρα τῶν ἐπὶ χ.S.Tr.811; χθόνα δύμεναι to go beneath the earth, i.e. to die, Il.6.411, Hes.Sc.151; ἐτέθαπτο ὑπὸχθονόςOd.11.52; κεκευθὼς ὑπὸ χθονὸς buried, A.Th.588; “κατὰ χθονὸς κρύψαι τινάS.Ant.24, cf. OC1546 (Pass.); “χθονὶ γυῖα καλύψαιμιPi.N.8.38; “κούφα σοι χ. ἐπάνωθε πέσοιE.Alc.463 (lyr.); opp. θάλασσα, A.Ag.576; ὑπὸ χθονός, of the nether world,Τάρταρον . . , ἧχι βάθιστον ὑπὸ χ. ἐστι βέρεθρονIl.8.14; “κάτω μελαίνας χ.Alc.Supp.7.10, cf. A.Eu.72; οἱ ὑπὸ χ. φίλοι, i.e. those in the shades below, Id.Ch.833 (lyr.), cf. S.Ant.65; κατὰ χθονὸς θεαί, i.e. the Erinyes, A.Eu.115; εἰς τοὺς ἔνερθε καὶ κάτω χ. τόπους ib. 1023.
2. earth, i.e. the world, Id.Pr.139 (anap.), Ag.528; “ἐπ᾽ ἔσχατα χθονόςS.Fr.956.
3. Earth, as a goddess, A.Pr.207, Eu.6.
II. land, country, once in Hom., εἴσατο δὲ χ., of Ithaca, Od. 13.352; πολύμηλος χ., of Libya, Pi.P.9.7; εὔκαρπος χ., of Sicily, Id.N.1.14; freq. in Trag., freq. without Art., χ. Ἀσιᾶτις, Φωκέων, A.Pers.61 (anap.), 485; with Art., “πᾶσαν τὴν Μυκηναίων χθόναS.El.423; “τῆς περιρρύτου χ. ΑήμνουId.Ph.1; “τὴν Κορινθίαν χ.Id.OT795; “τὴν ἐμὴν χ.Id.Aj.846; τῆς Ἀθηναίων χ. (paratrag.) Ephipp. 14.13; even of a city,τῆσδε δημοῦχοι χ.S.OC1348; “νόμους χθονόςId.Ant.368 (lyr.), cf. OT736,939; Com., “ πόλι φίλη Κέκροπος, . . οὖθαρ ἀγαθῆς χθονόςAr.Fr.110 (lyr.); “ξένης ἀπὸ χ.Eup.71 (paratrag.). (Cf. Skt. loc. k[snull ]ámi 'on the ground', Hittite tegan 'ground', Tocharian tkan- 'place', Ir. 'place' (acc. don, dat. dun).)
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