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ἐλεύθερος , α, ον （ος, ον A.Ag.328, E.El.868): later ἐλαύθερος BCH22.76(Delph.); Elean ἐλεύθαρος Schwyzer416.3:—
A.free, Hom. has the word only in Il. in two phrases, ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ the day of freedom, i.e.freedom, Il.6.455, 16.831, al.; and κρητὴρ ἐλεύθερος the cup drunk to freedom, 6.528; “ἐ. πιοῦσαν οἶνον ἀποθανεῖν” Xenarch.5 codd. Ath. (fort. -ριον, cf. “ἐλευθέριος” 1.2); of persons, Alc.Supp.25.11, Hdt.1.6, A.Pr.50, S.Aj.1020, Th.8.15, etc.: Comp., X.Cyr.8.3.21: Sup., Id.Hier.1.16; τὸ ἐ. freedom, Hdt 7.103, etc.; “τοὐλεύθερον” E.Supp.438: c.gen., free or freed from a thing, φόνου, πημάτων, φόβου, A.Eu.603 codd., Ch.1060, E.Hec.869; “αἰτίας” Men.Sam.272; ἔξω αἰτίας ἐ. S.Ant.445; ἐ. ἀπ᾽ ἀλλήλων independent, X.Cyr.3.2.23, Pl.Lg. 832d.
b. ἐλευθέρα, ἡ, married woman, Ath.13.571d; wife, POxy. 1872.8(v/vi A.D.); but, freedwoman, IG14.2490（Vienne).
c. free, of cities, in Roman Law, BGU316.3 (iv A.D.).
2. of things, free, open to all, “ἀγορά” X.Cyr.1.2.3; ἐ. φυλακή,= Lat. libera custodia, D.S. 4.46; “περιωπή” Ael.NA 15.5; unencumbered, of property, D.35.21, IG 9(1).32.10 (Stiris), SIG364.36 (Ephesus, iii B.C.).
3. ἐλεύθερον εἶναί τινι, c. inf., legally permissible, open to . ., ib.45.42 (Halic., v B.C.).
II. = ἐλευθέριος, fit for a freeman, free, frank, “φρήν” Pi.P.2.57; “ἐλευθερωτέρη ὑπόκρισις” Hdt.1.116; “ἐλεύθρα βάζειν” A.Pers.593 (lyr.); “ὦ μηδὲν ὑγιὲς μηδ᾽ ἐ. φρονῶν” S.Ph.1006; “δούλη μέν, εἴρηκεν δ᾽ ἐ. λόγον” Id.Tr.63, cf.El.1256; “φρονήματα” Pl.R.567a; βάσανοι ἐ. tortures such as might be used to a freeman, Id.Lg.946c (so “φάσγανα” E. Fr.495.38); τὸ ἐ. Pl.Mx.245c: freq. in Adv. “-ρως, εἰπεῖν” Hdt.5.93, al.; χαίρειν . . καὶ γελᾶν ἐ. S.El.1300; “τεθραμμένους” Isoc.7.43 codd. (fort. -ερίως）; παιδευθεὶς ἐ. Aeschin.3.154 codd. (fort. -ερίως）“; ἐ. δούλευε, δοῦλος οὐκ ἔσει” Men.857; ἐλεύθεροι ἐλευθέρως free and like free men, Pl.Lg.919e. (Cf. Lat. līber, fr. Ital. *loufero-(cf. Osc. Luvfreis 'Liberi'), I.-E. (e)leudh-ero-: the connexion with Slav. liud, OHG. liut, etc. 'people' is doubtful.)
Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by. Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1940.

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  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (36):
    • Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon, 154
    • Aeschylus, Eumenides, 603
    • Aeschylus, Libation Bearers, 1060
    • Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound, 50
    • Aeschylus, Persians, 593
    • Demosthenes, Against Lacritus, 21
    • Euripides, Electra, 868
    • Euripides, Hecuba, 869
    • Euripides, Suppliants, 438
    • Herodotus, Histories, 1.116
    • Herodotus, Histories, 1.6
    • Herodotus, Histories, 5.93
    • Homer, Iliad, 6.528
    • Isocrates, Areopagiticus, 43
    • Plato, Laws, 919e
    • Plato, Laws, 832d
    • Plato, Laws, 946c
    • Plato, Republic, 567a
    • Plato, Menexenus, 245c
    • Sophocles, Ajax, 1020
    • Sophocles, Antigone, 445
    • Sophocles, Electra, 1300
    • Sophocles, Electra, 1256
    • Sophocles, Philoctetes, 1006
    • Sophocles, Trachiniae, 63
    • Thucydides, Histories, 8.15
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 1.2.3
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 8.3.21
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 3.2.23
    • Xenophon, Hiero, 1.16
    • Homer, Iliad, 16.831
    • Homer, Iliad, 6.455
    • Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 328
    • Athenaeus, of Naucratis, Deipnosophistae, 1.2
    • Diodorus, Historical Library, 4.46
    • Aelian, De Natura Animalium, 15.5
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