AN´TLIA
AN´TLIA (
ἀντλία,
ἀντλίον), any machine for raising water.
[COCHLEA; GIRGILLUS; ROTA AQUARIA; SIPHO; TOLLENO;
TYMPANUM.] The figure on the next column shows a machine which is
still used in Tyrol and other Alpine countries. As the current puts the
wheel in motion, the jars on its margin are successively immersed and filled
with water. When they reach the top, the water is sent into a trough, from
which it is conveyed to a distance, and chiefly used for irrigation.
Lucretius (
5.516) mentions a machine
constructed on this principle: “Ut fluvios versare rotas atque haustra
videmus.”
In situations where the water was at rest, as in a pond or a well, or where
the current was too slow and feeble to put the machine in motion, it was
constructed so as to be wrought by animal force, and slaves or criminals
were commonly employed for the purpose (
in antliam
condemnare,
[p. 1.129]Suet. Tib. 51).
Five such machines are described by Vitruvius, in addition to that
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Machine for raising water in Tyrol.
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which has been already explained, and which, as he observes, was
turned
sine operarum calcatura, ipsius fluminis
impulsu. These five (on which details will be found
sub vocc.) were, 1, the tympanum,--a tread-wheel,
wrought
hominibus calcantibus: 2, a wheel
(
rota) resembling that in the preceding
figure, but having, instead of pots, wooden boxes or buckets (
modioli quadrati), so arranged as to form steps for
those who trod the wheel: 3, the chain-pump (
tolleno): 4, the
cochlea, or
Archimedes' screw: and 5, the
ctesibica machina, or
forcing-pump. (
Vitr. 10.4-
7; Drieberg,
Pneum. Erfindungen der Griechen, pp.
44-50.)
On the other hand, the antlia with which Martial (
9.18,
4) watered his garden was probably
the pole and bucket universally employed in Italy, Greece, and Egypt. The
pole is curved, as shown in the annexed figure; because it is the
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Bucket for raising water.
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stem of a fir, or some other tapering tree. The bucket, being
attached to the top of the tree, bends it by its weight; and the thickness
of the other extremity serves as a counterpoise. The great antiquity of this
method of raising water is proved by representations of it in Egyptian
paintings. (Wilkinson,
Manners and Cust. of Anc. Egypt.
2.1-4; see also
Pitt. d'Ercolano, vol. i. p. 257.)
[
J.Y] [
A.G]