[*] 904.
The participle is used with verbs signifying
to see, to hear or
learn,
to perceive, to know, to be ignorant of, to remember, to forget, to
show, to appear, to prove, to acknowledge, and with
ἀγγέλλω,
to announce, in a sense approaching that of
the infinitive in indirect discourse. Here each tense of the participle
represents the corresponding tense of the indicative or optative. (
See 687.)
The participle may belong to either the subject or the object
of these verbs, and agree with it in case. E.g.
- Μέμνημαι
αὐτὸν τοῦτο ποιήσαντα, I
remember that he did this (ἐποίησεν);
- μέμνημαι
τοῦτο ποιήσας, I remember
that I did this (ἐποίησα).
- Οἶδε
τούτους εὖ πράξοντας, he
knows that they will prosper;
- οἶδε
αὐτὸς εὖ πράξων, he
knows that he himself will prosper.
-
“Εἴ κ᾽ αὐτὸν γνώω
νημερτέα πάντ᾽ ἐνέποντα,”
“if I shall find that he tells all
without fault.”
Od.
xvii. 549.
-
“Ὁρῶ δέ μ᾽ ἔργον
δεινὸν ἐξειργασμένην,”
“and I see that I have done a terrible
deed.”
SOPH.
Tr. 706.
-
“Ἡμεῖς ἀδύνατοι
ὁρῶμεν ὄντες τῇ οἰκείᾳ μόνον δυνάμει
περιγενέσθαι,”
“we see that we are unable, etc.
(ἀδύνατοί
ἐσμεν).”
THUC. i.
32.
-
“Ἤκουσε Κῦρον ἐν
Κιλικίᾳ ὄντα,”
“he heard that Cyrus was in Cilicia.”
XEN.
An. i. 4, 5.
Περὶ τῆς χώρας, ὅτι ἤκουον
δῃουμένην,
“because they heard that it was suffering from
ravages.”
Ib. v. 5,
Ib. 7.
Ὅταν κλύῃ τινὸς ἥξοντ᾽
Ὀρέστην,
“when she hears from any one that Orestes is
coming.”
SOPH. El. 293.
Πυθόμενοι Ἀρταξέρξην νεωστὶ
τεθνηκότα,
“learning that Artaxerxes had recently died.”
THUC. iv. 50;
so
HDT. vi. 23.
Ἐπεὶ πρὸς ἀνδρὸς ᾔσθετ᾽
ἠδικημένη.
EUR. Med. 26.
Ἤισθοντο τοὺς μετ᾽ Ἀριστέως
ἐπιπαριόντας.
THUC. i. 61.
Διὰ τὴν Ἰλίου ἅλωσιν
εὑρίσκουσι ἐοῦσαν τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς ἔχθρης (see 883).
HDT. i. 5.
Ἐπειδὰν γνῶσιν ἀπιστούμενοι,
“when they find out that they are distrusted.”
XEN. Cyr. vii.
2, 17.
Ἤιδεσαν Σωκράτην αὐταρκέστατα
ζῶντα.
Id. Mem. i. 2,
Id. Mem. 14.
Ἐν πολυτρόποις γὰρ ξυμφοραῖς
ἐπίστανται τραφέντες.
THUC. ii. 44.
Διαβεβλημένος οὐ
μανθάνεις.
HDT.
iii. 1.
Ἐννοοῦμαι φαῦλος οὖσα.
EUR. Hipp. 435.
Ἐννοήσας γένος ἐπιεικὲς
ἀθλίως διατιθέμενον.
PLAT. Criti. 121 B.
Τίς οὕτως εὐήθης ἐστὶν
ὑμῶν ὅστις ἀγνοεῖ τὸν ἐκεῖθεν πόλεμον δεῦρο ἥξοντα;
DEM. i. 15.
Μέμνημαι Κριτίᾳ τῷδε ξυνόντα
σε (i.e.
ξυνῆσθα).
PLAT. Charm. 156 A.
Μεμνήμεθ᾽ ἐς κίνδυνον ἐλθόντες
μέγαν (i.e.
ἤλθομεν).
EUR. Hec. 244.
“
Ἐπιλελήσμεθ᾽ ἡδέως
γέροντες ὄντες”
Bacch.
188.
Ἐπιδείξω δὲ τοῦτον οὐ μόνον
ὡμολογηκότα εἶναι τὸν Μιλύαν ἐλεύθερον (with six
other participles, perfect, aorist, and present).
DEM. xxix. 5.
Ὁ πόλεμος οὗτος δηλώσει
μείζων γεγενημένος αὐτῶν (i.e.
μείζων γεγένηται).
THUC. i. 21.
Εἰ φανήσεται ταῦθ᾽ ὡμολογηκὼς,
παρά τε τοῦ Δημοφῶντος τὰς τιμὰς εἰληφὼς, αὐτός τε . . .
ἀπογράψας, οἰκῶν τε τὴν οἰκίαν, κ.τ.λ.
DEM. xxvii. 16.
Εὐθὺς ἐλεγχθήσεται γελοῖος
ὤν.
XEN. Mem. i. 7, 2.
Οὕτως ὁμολογουμένη οὖσα
δούλη καὶ ἅπαντα τὸν χρόνον αἰσχρῶς βιοῦσα,
“when it was thus admitted that she was a slave
and was all the time living a life of disgrace.”
ISAE. vi. 49.
Εἰ μὴ ἐξήγγειλε προσιὸν τὸ
στράτευμα,
“had he not reported that the enemy was advancing.”
XEN. Hell. vii.
5, 10.
Ἀπηγγέλθη Φίλιππος ὑμῖν
Ἡραῖον τεῖχος πολιορκῶν,
it was
reported to you that he was besieging, etc.
DEM. iii. 4.
Compare the examples of
ὁρῶ, ἀκούω, and similar verbs here given with those of
the same verbs under
884, in which the participle is not in indirect discourse.
See other examples of the participle in indirect discourse
under 687,
where examples of the participle with
ἄν may be found (see also
213-216).
