[205]
[206] 206 = “Η 33, Χ 177, 238, α 178, 221, γ 25, 229, 356, η 27, ν 236, 361, υ” 44.
γλαυκῶπις: gleaming-eyed, cf. “δεινὼ κτλ”. v. 200. The Homeric Athena is the fierce-eyed, courageous goddess of war; cf. “ταῦτα” (sc. “πολεμήια ἔργα”) “δ̓ Ἄρηι θοῷ καὶ Ἀθήνῃ πάντα μελήσει Ε” 430. Her name is coupled with that of Ares also 13.127 ff. Her epith. “Παλλάς” belongs to her as wielding the lance (cf. “πάλλειν Π” 142). She became “Ἀθηνᾶ Νίκη” and “Ἀθηνᾶ Προμαχος” at Athens.[207] ἦλθον: not equiv. to the perf. “εἰλήλουθα”, but presenting the same act from a different point of view.
παύσουσα: to cease, to allay, cf. v. 192. τὸ σὸν μένος: this thy rage, this rage of thine; cf. “φθίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος Ζ” 407. — “αἴ κε κτλ”.: see on v. 66.[210] ἔριδος: i.e. the contest of force to which he is inclined.
ἕλκεο: pres. imv., continue to draw; cf. v. 194.[211] ἀλλ̓ ἦ τοι: after a neg. idea emphasizes the affirmative thought.
ὡς ἔσεται: “as opportunity shall offer.”[212] 212 = “Θ 401, Ψ 672, τ 487, φ” 337; cf. “Β 257, β 187, ρ 229, ς 82, Θ 454, Ψ 410, π” 440. A set verse, often with a sharp threat.
τετελεσμένον ἔσται: will be a thing accomplished, i.e. shall surely be done.[213] “καί ποτε κτλ”.: affords the motive for v. 210, and recalls Achilles from his decision to return to his home. “Thou hast no need to wreak bloody vengeance on him, for thou shalt at some time receive etc.
καὶ τρίς: even threefold, proverbial; cf. “τρὶς τόσσον ἕλεν μένος Ε 136, τρὶς τόσα δοῖεν ἄποινα Ω” 686. παρέσσεται: the gifts offered to Achilles as an atonement for the wrong are enumerated 9.121 ff. (seven tripods, ten talents of gold, twenty caldrons, twelve racehorses, seven slaves etc.), in a passage closing “ταῦτα μὲν αὐτίκα πάντα παρέσσεται Ι” 135. These treasures were delivered 19.243 ff.[214] ἴσχεο: check thyself, as 2.247.
ἡμῖν: not enclitic (“ἥμιν”) since it is contrasted with his anger.[216] μέν: indeed.
σφωίτερον: of you two, Athena and Hera. The emphasis given by “γέ” marks the reverence felt for these goddesses. ἔπος: word, command. εἰρύσσασθαι: protect, observe, by obedience, as 21.230.[217] “καὶ κτλ”.: “however much enraged.”
[218] “ὅς κε κτλ”.: i.e. if any one. “Whoever obeys the gods is himself heard by them.” cf. “ἐάν τις θεοσεβὴς ᾖ καὶ τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ ποιῇ, τούτου ἀκούει” (sc. “δ θεός”) St. John ix. 31.
μάλα: surely, readily. τέ: for its use in marking the reciprocity of the two clauses, cf. § 3 o; see on v. 82. ἔκλυον: gnomic aor. G. 205; H. 840. αὐτοῦ: himself. The prominence given to the obj. of the verb which is also the subj. of the previous clause, makes prominent the identity of the two, and contrasts the man with “θεοῖς”.[219] ἦ καί: he spake and, as v. 518, 3.292, 310, 355, 369, 447; always used after a speech which is reported, where the same subj. is continued.
ἀογυρέῃ: adorned with silver nails or studs, see on 2.45. σχέθε: kept, held, as “Δ 113, Η” 277.[220] οὐδ̓ ἀπίθησεν: litotes, see § 2 “γ”; cf. v. 536 f., 2.166, 807.
[221] Ἀθηναίης: “Ἀθηναίη” is to “Ἀθήνη” as “ἀναγκαίη” and “γαῖα” to “ἀνάγκη” and “γῆ”. In early Att. inscriptions, the name appears as “Ἀθηναία”, from which the later forms “Ἀθηνάα” and “Ἀθηνᾶ” are derived.
βεβήκειν: had set out, was gone; plpf. t<*>ark her immediate departure. For the “ν” of the ending, see §§ 13 n, 26 e.[222] μετά: into the midst of, among, as v. 423, 3.264.
δαίμονας ἄλλους: these assembled daily in the palace of Zeus as nobles in the hall of their feudal lord; cf. “οἱ δὲ θεοὶ πὰρ Ζηνὶ καθήμενοι ἠγορόωντο ι χρυσέῳ ἐν δαπέδῳ Δ” 1 f., “οἱ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι” (sc. “θεοί ι Ζηνὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν Ὀλυμπίου ἁθρόοι ἦσαν α” 26 f. All were members of his family although they had separate mansions (v. 607). — Homer does not distinguish between “δαίμονες” and “θεοί”, but see on 3.420.[223] Vs. 223-305. Renewal of the quarrel. Nestor endeavors to calm the angry princes.
223-246. Speech of Achilles. ἐξαῦτις: anew, after the interruption by Athene which no one had noticed.[225] οἰνοβαρές: cf. “οἴνῳ βεβαρηότες γ” 139. This was a grievous reproach in the eyes of the temperate Greek<*>, cf. “οἶνός σε τρώει μελιηδής, δ̔́ς τε καὶ ἄλλους ι βλάπτει, ὃς ἄν μιν χανδὸν” (greedily) “ἕλῃ μηδ̓ αἴσιμα πίνῃ φ” 293 f.
κυνὸς ὄμματα: see on v. 159. ἐλάφοιο: the deer was the personification of cowardice; cf. “Δ 243, φυζακινῇς” (timid) “ἐλάφοισιν ἐοίκεσαν Ν 102; Φ 29, Χ” 1. The poet shows in his story that these epiths. were undeserved by Agamemnon; cf. “Η 162, 180, Θ 261, Λ” 91 ff.[226] ἐς πόλεμον: for (lit. into) battle; for the lengthened ultima before the caesura, as v. 491, see § 41 p. — The last three feet of the verse are spondees, cf. 2.190.
[227] λόχονδε: cf. “ἐς λόχθν ἔνθα μάλιστ̓ ἀρετὴ διαείδεται ἀνδρῶν Ν” 277 where especially the valor of men is discerned. The knights of the Middle Ages were the first to count ambush dishonorable.
ἀριστήεσσιν: mark the contrast with “λαῷ”.[228] τέτληκας: hast had the courage; cf. v. 543.
κήρ: cf. 3.454, ‘'Tis death to me to be at enmity,’ Shakspere Rich. III. ii. 9.60.[229] ἦ: in truth, yes: the speaker pretends to recognize his opponent's motives.
[230] ἀποαιρεῖσθαι: pres. inf. in iterative sense; the following clause supplies its obj. For the hiatus between the prep. and the verb, see on v. 333.
σέθεν: gen. after the adv. ἀντίον εἴπῃ: oppose.[231] “δημοβόρος κτλ”.: emphatic excl. of vexation. cf. “δημοφάγον τύραννον” Theognis 1181. — “ἐπεὶ κτλ”.: this does <*>he reason for the excl., but <*>why Agamemnon's course is <*>cf. on v. 112.
οὐτιδανοῖ- <*>terpreted by Achilles vs. 293 f. <*>ds the Greeks in part respon<*>nce they did not oppose the <*> <*>2.242. — “ἦ γὰρ κτλ”.: for else, <*>with aor. opt. as potential of <*>where in Att. we should ex<*>st tense of the ind. with “ἄν”, <*>see § 3 c “ε”; G. 222 N. 3; H.[233] cf. “Ι 132, υ 229. — ἐπὶ ὀμοῦμαι” the contrary is “ἀπόμνυμι”, cf. “γρῆυς δὲ θεῶν μέγαν ὅρκον ἀπώμνυ β” 377.
[234] τόδε σκῆπτρον: by this sceptre here, which he had just received from a herald; see on v. 15. For oaths by this symbol of power, see “ὣς εἰπὼν τὸ σκῆπτρον ἀνέσχεθε πᾶσι θεοῖσιν Η 412, ὁ δ̓ ἐν χερσὶ σκῆπτρον λάβε καί οἱ ὄμοσσεν Κ” 328. So King Richard swears ‘Now, by my sceptre's awe, I make a vow’ Shakspere Rich. II. i. I. 118.
τὸ μέν: anaphoric. dem. — “As surely as this staff shall never put forth leaves, so surely shall the Achaeans miss me sorely.” This is imitated by Vergil (Aen. xii. 206 ff.), ut sceptrum hoc . . . nunquam fronde levi fundet virgulta nec umbras, cum semel in silvis, imo de stirpe recisum,matre caret, posuitque comas et brachia ferro;
. . . patribusque dedit gestare Latinis.
[235] ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα: see on v. 6.
ἕ: the living shoot, while “μίν” below is the “σκῆπτρον” made from it. χαλκός: i.e. the tool of bronze; cf. the Eng. poetic use of steel for sword. See on 2.417.[237] “φύλλα κτλ”.: “ἔλεψεν” as a ‘verb of depriving’ is followed by an acc. of the thing taken away.
νῦν αὖτε: now on the other hand, but now; “αὖτε” in this use differs little from “αὐτάρ”, cf. “Δ 321, Χ” 172; see on 2.768.[238] δικασπόλοι: appos., as guardians of justice, cf. “οἱ δὲ γέροντες . . . ἱερῷ ἐνὶ κύκλῳ ι σκῆπτρα δὲ κηρύκων ἐν χέρς᾿ ἔχον Σ” 503 ff.; for its position, see §1 h, cf. v. 10.
[239] πρὸς Διός: under the direction of Zeus, in the name of Zeus, cf. “πρὸς ἄλλης ἱστὸν ὑφαίνοις Ζ” 456.
εἰρύαται: defend, cf. v. 216, (“Ἔκτωρ”) “εἴρυτο δὲ ἄστυ καὶ αὐτούς Ω” 499. ὁ δέ: attracted to the gender of “ὅρκος”, cf. 2.5, 73.[240] ἦ: repeats the “ναί” of v. 234; cf. on v. 86.
Ἀχιλλῆος: instead of “ἐμοῦ”, with feeling; cf. “Β 259, Γ” 99, and Hector's challenge to the bravest Greek to fight “Ἕκτορι δίῳ Η 75, Π” 833. Edmund says ‘Yet Edmund was beloved’ Shakspere King Lear v. 3. 239; Antonio says ‘Tell her the process of Antonio's end’ id. Merchant of Venice iv. 9.274.[241] cf. v. 588.
σύμπαντας: for the prominence of its position, see on v. 52.[242] χραισμεῖν: avail, help; without oblique case, as v. 589.
ὑφ̓ Ἕκτορος θνήσκοντες: “ὑπό” is used since the verb is passive in sense, and act. only in form, cf. 3.61, 128; see H. 820. — For the epith. of Hector, cf. homicidam Hectorem Hor. Epod. xvii. 12.[243] πίπτωσι: for the subjv., cf. “ἵκωμαι” v. 139.
ἔνδοθι: “in thy breast.”[244] χωόμενος: full of rage (sc. at thyself).
ὅ τε: “ὅτι τε”, that; cf. “ὅ” vs. 120, 412. οὐδέν: acc. of specification instead of the simple “οὐ”. ἄριστον: strictly true, see v. 2<*> and note. See on “δῖος” v. 7.