Sir Richard C. Jebb, Selections from the Attic Orators

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Περικλῆς...δημαγωγός ‘Pericles, who preceded such men as these in the leadership of the people’. Thuc. uses δημαγ. only in IV. 21, Κλέων...ἀνὴρ δημαγωγὸς...καὶ τῷ πλήθει πιθανώτατος, where it has not necessarily a bad sense: cp. what he says of Pericles, II. 65, οὐκ ἤγετο μᾶλλον ὑπὸ τοῦ πλήθους ἢ αὐτὸς ἦγε. Lysias or. XXVII. § 10, καίτοι οὐ ταῦτα ἀγαθῶν δημαγωγῶν ἐστι, τὰ ὑμέτερα ἐν ταῖς ὑμετέραις συμφοραῖς λαμβάνειν. Isocr. has the word again in Panath. § 148, Πεισιστράτου...ὃς δημαγωγὸς γενόμενος καὶ πολλὰ τὴν πόλιν λυμηνάμενος καὶ τοὺς βελτίστους τῶν πολιτῶν ὡς ὀλιγαρχικοὺς ὄντας ἐκβαλών, τελευτῶν τὸν δῆμον κατέλυσε, κ.τ.λ. Cp. Helen. Encom. § 37 (of Theseus), τῇ τῶν πολιτῶν εὐνοίᾳ δορυφορούμενος, τῇ μὲν ἐξουσίᾳ τυραννῶν, ταῖς δ᾽ εὐεργεσίαις δημαγωγῶν, ‘having for his body-guard the affection of the citizens, — placed in authority above the laws, but leading the people by acts of kindness’. Plato never uses the word. In Arist. the bad sense is usu. marked, e.g. Polit. VIII [V] II. § 12 (the flatterer is popular both in democracies and tyrannies), παρὰ μὲν τοῖς δήμοις ὁ δημαγωγὸς (ἔστι γὰρ ὁ δημαγωγὸς τοῦ δήμου κόλαξ), παρὰ δὲ τοῖς τυράννοις οἱ ταπεινῶς ὁμιλοῦντες.

πρὸ τῶν τοιούτων meaning e.g. Cleon, Hyperbolus, Cleophon, and, among contemporaries, esp. Aristophon of Azenia. In this speech Isocr. distinguishes practically three stages of Athenian statesmanship: (1) the stage before Athens was imperial — represented by Aristeides, Miltiades, Themistocles, § 75: (2) the best period of the empire — under Pericles: (3) the period of its decline, and then of unbridled democracy, represented by the πονηροὶ δημαγωγοί (§ 129).

ἐλάττω...κατέλιπεν Thuc. II. 65, χρημάτων...διαφανῶς ἀδωρότατος γενόμενος. Cp. Plat. Gorg. 515 E, ταυτὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ ἀκούω, Περικλέα πεποιηκέναι Ἀθηναίους ἀργοὺς καὶ δειλοὺς καὶ λάλους καὶ φιλαργύρους, εἰς μισθοφορίαν πρῶτον καταστήσαντα: but even his enemies admitted his personal probity.

εἰς τὴν ἀκρόπολιν...χωρὶς τῶν ἱερῶν i.e. to the Treasury, the ὀπισθόδομος, or chamber at the back of the Parthenon (Boeckh, I. 575), ἱερὸν τὸ ὄπισθεν τοῦ ἀδύτου, ἐν ᾧ καὶ τὰ δημόσια ἀπέκειτο χρήματα, schol. Lucian Tim. 53. See Thuc. II. 13, where Pericles tells the Athenians that they have (1) 600 talents a year from the φόρος of the allies; (2) 6000 talents [about £1,400,000] in money ἐν τῇ ἀκροπόλει, — the greatest total having been 9700: (3) χρυσίον ἄσημον [uncoined] καὶ ἀργύριον in sacred offerings, vessels, etc., to the value of 500 talents. Cp. Grote VI. 165.